Could you explain the phenomenon of glacier retreat

Could you explain the phenomenon of glacier retreat and its implications for global sea-level rise, freshwater availability, and regional climate patterns, as well as the socio-economic impacts on communities dependent on glacial meltwater for irrigation, drinking water, and hydropower generation?What are the main drivers and impacts of urbanization on natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being, and what planning and design principles can be employed to promote sustainable urban development and enhance resilience to environmental challenges in rapidly growing cities?