Explore the mechanisms underlying weight loss

Discuss the anatomical and physiological adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract in response to bariatric surgery for obesity treatment. Explore the mechanisms underlying weight loss, metabolic improvements, and alterations in gut hormone secretion following procedures such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding. Furthermore, analyze the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on appetite regulation, nutrient absorption, and gut microbiota composition, and evaluate the impact on obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.