Describe the alternation of generations in plants, distinguishing between the gametophyte generation and sporophyte generation
Describe the alternation of generations in plants, distinguishing between the gametophyte generation and sporophyte generation.
-How many chromosomes (haploid or diploid) is in each generation?
-What structures (spores or gametes) are made by each generation?
-How are spores made (meiosis or mitosis)? How are gametes made (meiosis or mitosis)?Learning Objective 2: Explain why or how each of the following adaptations allowed plants to successfully evolve from aquatic (the ancestor to plants was an aquatic alga) to terrestrial.
-Structural and physiological adaptations include roots and shoots, mycorrhizae, cuticles, vascular tissue; explain why each of these was a beneficial adaptation.
-Reproductive adaptations include structures to keep gametes and embryos from drying out as well as mechanisms to disperse their gametes (getting the sperm to the eggs)Learning Objective 3: Relate the evolution of plants to green algae.
-Which green alga is related to the protist ancestor of land plants?
-What characteristics do green algae and land plants have in common? Which characteristics are different?Learning Objective 4: Identify the four major groups of plants [bryophytes (such as mosses), seedless vascular plants (such as ferns), gymnosperms (such as conifers and most evergreens), and angiosperms (most plants)] including:
-their structural and physiological adaptations (see #5 below)- how is each group different from the others?
-their evolutionary history- when and why did they evolve?
-and their ecological significance- what role do they play in their environment?Pick one of the four groups of plants listed above and explain the three points listed.
Learning Objective 5: Compare and contrast each group of plants (nonvascular plants through angiosperms) based on the following characteristics:
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-Which is the dominant generation?
-Does the plants of that group have vascular tissue?
-How does each group get sperm to the egg?
-Does the group make seeds?
-Does the group make flowers?
-Does the group make fruits?
-How does each group disperse its “offspring” from the dominant generation?
-How do they reproduce sexually? Do they reproduce asexually? What is the significance of each method?Pick one of the four groups of plants and explain each of the eight points listed.
Learning Objective 6: Describe the change in environmental conditions around 360 million years ago and how that change promoted the evolution of seed plants. Why were non-seed plants so prevalent prior to this environmental change?
Learning Objective 7: Distinguish among the three groups of fungi (zygote, sac, and club fungi), including the name of the fruiting bodies, sporangia, and spores of each. Be able to visually identify members of the groups of fungi.
Learning Objective 8: Describe the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae in a lichen. Be able to visually identify the types of lichens: foliose, crustose, and fruticose.
Choose one of the statements to explain: either the symbiotic relationship between an alga and fungus in a lichen, OR the three shapes of lichens (foliose, crustose, fruticose).
Learning Objective 9: Describe the feeding mechanisms, structure, reproduction, ecological importance and commercial uses of fungi.
-Feeding mechanisms: saprotrophy, parasitism
-Structure: hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body, spores, sporangia
-Ecological importance: decomposition, parasites, mycorrhizae
-Commercial importance: food (and food production), anitibiotics, medicationPick one of the four poin
