McAdam discusses how and why the federal government responded differently to different civil rights protests:  in Birmingham in 1961, the federal government intervened to protect protestors from violence; in In Albany in 1962 (as we saw in the documentary!), the federal government did not intervene despite mass arrests of peaceful demonstrators.  What explains the differing federal reactions to these two moments?  (These cases are discussed on 171; McAdam’s larger point is explained across 170-171).

What characteristics do you think voters look for when choosing a president? Discuss characteristics voters choose  when looking for president  depending on the socioeconomic and political environment – lack of jobs, riots, COVID-19, environmental concerns and other issues etc.? Explain your answer

Data Breaches (Company Perspective) Discuss the problems associated with data breaches that resulted in unauthorized disclosure of consumer records and other private information held by a company, please identify and discuss one specific breach (2019 or later). What notification laws applied and did the responsible company comply with those laws?

address the following issues:

Incident response and remediation (including policy changes, costs, etc.)
Impacts to reputation
Responding to legal actions or investigations

Please cite scholarly sources only

What role does the doctrine of precedent play in our legal system? In applying this doctrine, do judges merely ‘find and apply the law, or do they ‘make’ the law? Give examples in your answer.

Question 2 (5 marks)

Briefly explain the literal approach and the purposive approach to statutory interpretation

Question 3 (10 marks)

You are a single judge of the Supreme Court of NSW called upon to decide the interpretation of a section of Commonwealth legislation. The previous decisions on the question are below. Consider each in turn and give reasons for which is binding or most highly persuasive.

Mulder v Weezes (1980) – NSWSC;

Andrews v Watson (2014) – VSC Court of Appeal – Followed Mulder v Weezes but not the reasoning in that case;

Williamson v Michaels (2010) – Qld SC. Followed Mulder v Weezes though “reluctantly”;

Cooper v Hodson (2000) – High Court. Followed Mulder v Weezes based on the facts of the appellant case, though in obiter approved the reasoning in Kennedy v Bryant;

Kennedy v Bryant (1985) – Full Court of the Federal Court. Declined to follow Mulder v Weezes, holding it to be “plainly wrong”;

Which decision would you ultimately follow and why? Would it be helpful to have any further information? If so what and why?

Question 4 (5 marks)

Explain the concept of terra nullius and explain why it was held to be a “legal fiction” in the landmark case of Mabo No. 2.

Question 5 (10 marks)

You are a single judge of the Supreme Court of NSW considering a matter of common law. The previous decisions on the question are below. Consider each in turn and give reasons for which is binding or most highly persuasive.

Heather v Forrest (1930) – Court of Appeal England

Littles v Downer (2020) – Victorian Court of Appeal. Followed Baboa v Erics, stating it correctly stated the law.

Symonds v Lennard (1991) – House of Lords

Roberts v Ashton (1980) – Victorian Court of Appeal

Matthews v Coopers (2022) – High Court of Australia which held that the reasoning in Symonds v Lennard was correct, but distinguished that case on its facts and followed Baboa v Erics.

Baboa v Erics (2019) – Supreme Court of Canada

Which decision would you ultimately follow and why? Would it be helpful to have any further information? If so what and why?

A currency peg is a policy that stabilizes the exchange rate between countries by establishing a fixed exchange rate for a nation’s currency with a foreign currency or a basket of currencies. The value of one currency in comparison to another is known as the currency exchange rate. Some currencies are fixed and pegged to another currency, while others are free-floating and their rates change according to market supply and demand. For business planning, pegging provides long-term predictability of exchange rates and contributes to economic stability. What is the meaning of Currency Pegging?