Classification of Cryptocurrency Holdings

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Classification of Cryptocurrency Holdings. Software Provider (the “Company”) supports and sells computer software. The Company accepts cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Ether, Ripple) as payment for the sale of its computer software.

The Company holds its cryptocurrencies partially for investment (e.g., expectation that they will appreciate in value) and partially to use in the future to purchase goods or services.

Cryptocurrency is a new type of value and payment method that is different from fiat currency (e.g., U.S. dollars and foreign currencies). Presently, cryptocurrencies have no government backing or recognition by a central authority as legal tender. Their value is only supported by supply and demand.

Cryptocurrencies do not have a physical form but exist as immutable distributed ledgers (electronic records) maintained on public blockchains. They are different than electronic instances of cash, such as an online bank account, in that they are not linked to a physical currency.

Bitcoin and other similar “coins” use cryptography (e.g., use of codes to secure communications) to control the security and creation of these coins, which led to the term “cryptocurrencies.”

There are other crypto-assets that are not cryptocurrencies, such as tokens. It is important to distinguish between cryptocurrencies and tokens.

Cryptocurrency is a unit of value that is native to a blockchain. It is a means of exchange within the blockchain to incentivize the network of participants to use the blockchain. The sole purpose of a cryptocurrency is for exchange of value, and it has limited functionality beyond that.

A token is a piece of business logic (i.e., “smart contract”) coded into an existing blockchain. A token can have a functionality beyond an exchange of value — it can represent any asset or functionality desired by the developer for use on a platform.

Tokens may be an interest in an entity (e.g., security token), an interest in a specific asset (asset token), or a right to a future product or service (utility token).

Cryptocurrencies are usually obtained by purchasing or receiving them on a peer-to-peer basis. That is, they can be received directly from a counterparty in exchange for an asset or service or they can be purchased in exchange for a fiat currency, often from an exchange that specializes in cryptocurrencies.

For a cryptocurrency to function as a means of peer-to-peer exchange, a ledger needs to be maintained for tracking ownership of the cryptocurrency. For cryptocurrencies, this electronic ledger is maintained using blockchain.

There are many copies of this ledger and many ledger keepers. Distributing the processing allows many users to each play a small part in the maintenance of the ledger system; this means that the security of the system does not rely on a few individuals.

 

 

 

Case 12c: Classification of Cryptocurrency Holdings Page 2

Copyright © 2019 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved.

 

The amount of coins for a particular cryptocurrency that are in circulation is tightly controlled. For example, for Bitcoin there is a limit on the number of coins that can exist.

New Bitcoins are only created as payment to processors (called “miners”) for providing the service of validating and distributing an electronic ledger of these transactions to those involved in maintaining the blockchain.

Required:

1. How should the Company’s holdings of cryptocurrency be classified in the statement of financial position under U.S. GAAP and IFRS® Standards?

2. How should the holdings of cryptocurrency be initially and subsequently measured under U.S. GAAP and IFRS Standards?

 

 

 

Caregivers of Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

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Proposal Needs Assessment The proposal is presented to the healthcare service organization to enlighten the issues of caregivers of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

The patients require a full-time caregiver to help them with treatment and daily activities. The seniors should be capable of the caregivers’ services, and the most significant issue they face is the organization’s resources.

The caregivers must be given the necessary resources to deal with the patients and ensure the requirements to perform their role efficiently. For this purpose, the older adults require the extra costs or medical insurance in addition to Medicaid.

Statement About the Selected Issue

Older adults with dementia and Alzheimer’s need the resources for the caregivers and the treatment processes.

Evidence that Supports the Need for the Proposal

The literature has presented several problems regarding patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The first problem is in the initial stage, where the patients are not appropriately diagnosed.

The doctors are contacted late, and the disorder is triggered to the worst stage. The family is involved, and a person should act as a caregiver. The coordination of various healthcare professionals is required to resolve the issue.

The treatment of Alzheimer’s is a complicated and lengthy process, but the patients often neglect the steps of treatment because of the costs of the care process. It is recommended that the insurance should be given, and patients must be stabilized accordingly. Otherwise, the disorder can prove fatal (Isabella Bablok, 2021).

(Lauren Hersch Nicholas, 2021) Said that Alzheimer’s disease and dementia is one of the critical neurodegenerative diseases that threatens the patients, and a financial statement is essential regarding the treatment and care of patients. The financial capabilities of patients and family members are highly important in Alzheimer’s disease.

The data of Medicare and Medicaid was collected, and it was found that most patients are left ignored. The initial stage of the disease is usually neglected, and it is seen that the patients with better cost facilities are seen with better status than the others.

Management Theories

(Rebecca Wells, 2019) has presented the comparison between reality and healthcare theories. The literature has always claimed that patients with dementia or Alzheimer’s need care and resources. The authors have taken a stance on the problem to observe the reality. It says that most patients manage their care. They do not have caregivers or family members because of the costs and insurance issues.

The care of older adults requires the proper management and appropriate behavior from the health insurance organizations. It is observed that role recognition in healthcare insurance organizations is essential. The management of the organizations must know the financial management, allotted relief, and other factors involved in managing a disorder. If the management devises the strategies that the older adults will be given relief, it will be easier to resolve the problem (Mani Yousefvand, 2018).

Understanding of Organization of the Issue

Through the above literature, evidence, and management theories, it is expected that the healthcare organization and management will understand the issue and lead to a solution. Older adults, especially those without families, cannot afford the expenses. If they are given the insurance, it still looks like the money is inadequate.

They require the extra costs to meet the needs of caregivers and the treatment process. It is essential for the organization to understand the issue in-depth and to maintain the respect and health of patients. The patient’s families need to collaborate and justify that the funds are required.

Affected Population

The older adults who have Alzheimer’s, their families, and the relevant caregivers will be affected. The patients will have a significant impact because they will not have enough costs to pay for treatment and will not continue it.

The families are emotionally connected to the patient, and it will be affected if they have to withdraw from the treatment. It has been seen that older patients need the proper care from the insurance organizations. Overall, there are several factors on which the care of older adults has been affected.

Conclusion

There are several management theories on which the care of older adults depends. They need the extra funds, and the literature shows that extra resources are required. It is essential to remember that dementia and Alzheimer’s can lead to death, so the problem should be considered seriously.

 

 

References

Isabella Bablok, H. B.-L. (2021). Primary dementia care based on the individual needs of the patient: study protocol of the cluster randomized controlled trial, DemStepCare. BMC Geriatrics, 21(222). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02114-z

Lauren Hersch Nicholas, K. M. (2021). Financial Presentation of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias. JAMA Intern Med, 181(2), 221-227. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6432

Mani Yousefvand, A. O. (2018). The behavior of basic health insurance Organizations after implementing the Relative Value of Health Services book in Iran: A qualitative study. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 32(110). doi:10.14196/mjiri.32.110

Rebecca Wells, M. S. (2019). Care Management Theories versus Realities in Health Care. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 43(5), 407-420. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2019.1673865

Alzheimer’s disease

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Identification of Issues. Alzheimer’s disease is a complicated, progressive, irreversible brain disorder that intends to slow memory. It is common among older adults and affects their thinking and memory skills.

The critical situation of the disease reduces the ability to do the simplest things and tasks. Alzheimer’s is one of the main causes of dementia in older adults. It is not common among adults, but it is part of ageing.

It has been seen that progressive and complicated disease worsens over time. The problem is selected because of the inefficiency of healthcare services. The statistics have shown that almost 6.5 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s in 2022.

Among them, nearly 73 percent of them are older adults. The ratio is common in older women compared to men. Almost all blacks are double in ratio than the whites to be suffered from the disease (Choi, 2019).

Effect on Population

It affects the elderly population in different ways. Memory loss and cognitive impairment are common among the patients. The elderly adults do not remember the simple tasks and are not good at remembering the various things.

The common issues they face are the repetition of questions, forgetting the routine work and secondary issues that are associated afterwards. Scientists have continued researching the complex brain changes involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The changes in the brain are progressive, but they appear after ten years.

The early stages of Alzheimer’s are highly toxic, but silent changes occur in the brain. It is essential for the patient not to ignore the situation and consult the doctors as soon as possible. The initial stages of the disease lead to the abnormal buildup of proteins.

The healthy neurons are highly affected, and they do not function normally. The dying of neurons further triggers the process (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019).

Problem Statement

Older adults with dementia and Alzheimer’s need the resources for the caregivers and the treatment processes.

Foundation and Steps for the Healthcare Organization to Consider

The proposal is presented to the healthcare service organization to enlighten the issues of caregivers of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The patients require a full-time caregiver to help them with treatment and daily activities. The seniors should be capable of the caregivers’ services, and the most significant issue they face is the organization’s resources.

The caregivers must be given the necessary resources to deal with the patients and ensure the requirements to perform their role efficiently. The caregivers are required to handle the patients throughout the day.

The duty becomes difficult in the progressive stages because the patients may become harmful to themselves and others.

The caregivers can be the family member of the third party. Still, the problem is the proper resources and requirements of a caregiver necessary for the patients. the healthcare organizations take the problem as minor, and it is observed that the situation is highly controlled if the patient is assisted in the initial stages.

Healthcare organizations should give attention to the factor and work for patients’ wellness. The caregivers need to ensure the efficiency of their roles as well (Marchini, 2019).

The attention problem is the resources needed for the caregivers and the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. It is mentioned and observed that the family members feel it challenging to care for and assist the patients. they are not experts in providing the necessary facilities and professional services to the patients as well.

For this reason, the patients must provide with the resources from Medicaid and Medicare. They will utilize the resources on the caregivers and other treatment processes. Healthcare organizations should understand that the problem is minor in the initial stages, but the progressive steps are highly complicated and dangerous (Lee, 2019).

Conclusion

The need of the hour is to provide the necessary resources to the elderly patients and enable the seniors to get the required resources. Elderly patients should be guided to the essential resources and treatment processes.

The purpose of the proposal is to make the caregiver’s services efficient and to ensure that the older adults are getting enough resources to meet the needs of the treatment processes.

The healthcare organization needs to address the problem, especially in severe cases. Another situation should also be considered when the patients are homeless and need extra expenses. It is necessary to take care of their needs and provide them with the best facilities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Alzheimer’s Association. (2019). 2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & dementia, 15(3), 321-387. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures.

Choi, S., Kim, K., Chang, J., Kim, S. M., Kim, S. J., Cho, H. J., & Park, S. M. (2019). Association of chronic periodontitis on Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(6), 1234-1239. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15828

Lee, J. E., Yang, S. W., Ju, Y. J., Ki, S. K., & Chun, K. H. (2019). Sleep-disordered breathing and Alzheimer’s disease: A nationwide cohort study. Psychiatry research, 273, 624-630.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.086

Marchini, L., Ettinger, R., Caprio, T., & Jucan, A. (2019). Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer’s disease: An update. Special Care in Dentistry, 39(3), 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12375

The technology needed for your Company’s continued growth

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Defend your assumptions about the technology needed for your company’s continued growth. Would this technology be considered essential to primary or secondary activities? What do you see as the positive outcomes of acquiring this technology? How would you measure the positive results of acquiring the technological innovation?

Minimum 2 pages

Cultural Factors Related to Patient Health

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Specific Socioeconomic, Spiritual, Lifestyle, and Other Cultural Factors Related to Patient Health. Case two involves a 32-year-old Hispanic/Latina pregnant lesbian patient. She has presented for an annual physical plus a complaint of  “vaginal discharge”. The fourth report of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2020 presents information on the relationship between socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and health (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021).

This patient is in an ethnic and sexual lifestyle group where real or perceived healthcare discrimination can occur. The information given is based on a comprehensive health history. Certain information she gives, for example, she and her partner used a sperm bank for artificial insemination, suggests the availability of finances not indicative of lower-income status.

We are not given information on the patient’s spiritual beliefs and should not make assumptions. The patient is receiving prenatal care from an Ob/Gyn. We do not know how many weeks pregnant she is and therefore do not know how long it has been between OB office visits.

As a lesbian and a Hispanic, the patient could have been reluctant to bring up the vaginal discharge during her visit due to embarrassment. She does not state how long she has had the vaginal discharge.

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Planning (S.O.A.P.) Approach to Documentation

The SOAP note is an organized way to document the patient’s history and physical. It can be used for a focused exam or a comprehensive exam such as for a physical. In case 2, the patient presents for a physical and an additional complaint of vaginal discharge. Her subjective data Starts with her statement, “I am here for my annual physical exam and have been having vaginal discharge.”

The patient then answers questions regarding the history of her chief complaint, past medical history, past surgical history, drug and supplement history, allergies, social history, family history, last menstrual period, and review of systems based on the patient’s responses.

The pneumonics PQRST or CLIENT OUTCOMES can be used to direct the subjective data collection. Precipitating factors, quality, radiation, severity, and timing are the symptoms covered by the first pneumonic.

Character, location, impact, expectation, neglect/abuse, timing, other symptoms, understanding of illness, treatment, complementary, options, modulating factors, exposure to infections/toxins, and spirituality are the latter pneumonic factors (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021). This case patient presented for an annual exam and a single complaint. The review of systems is sparse.

Objective data is assessed next. The review of systems was sparse. Objective data is obtained by the practitioner’s exam and tests performed at the visit.

If there is no documentation on a body system, it is assumed it was not assessed. In a focused exam, the general, respiratory and cardiac systems are done (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021).

The objective data for case 2 is relatively complete except for her general data and appearance and her musculoskeletal condition. The exam seems thorough and addresses her concern about the vaginal discharge.

Assessment findings combine the subjective data and objective data to formulate a new diagnosis/support a previous diagnosis, develop differential diagnoses, and make a problem list (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021). On this patient’s problem list is bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy (Uddin, et al., 2020).

The plan has five components.

Nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and education interventions need to be presented. The plan should be discussed with the patient, and significant other if needed, and state a follow-up time. If a referral is required, this should be discussed and set up.

All of these steps must be documented. The patient in case 2 needs treatment with metronidazole 2grams. It is important to educate the patient on the origins, treatment, and risks of BV in pregnancy. She can be told BV is not uncommon in childbearing-age women.

It is an imbalance of vaginal flora and the presence of certain bacteria that cause an increase in mucous production and the “fishy” smell. BV can cause a two-fold increase in preterm birth and low birthweight babies. It is vital to take the medication and then follow up in the clinic or with her OB.

BV can be present without detection for some time (Chaponda, et al., 2021). In my personal 28 years as a high-risk labor and delivery nurse, BV often causes uterine irritability, i.e. cramping. The patient should look for signs of cramping and low back pain as a sign for immediate care.

Wear loose clothing and cotton panties. She can also take a probiotic to add lactobacillus back to the vaginal flora. Metronidazole can cause nausea, so eat something bland like toast with it. No referral is needed at this time.

Functional Anatomy and Physiology of a Psychiatric Mental Health Patient

The cerebrum of the brain is where our higher mental functions occur. The cerebrum has lobes each providing physiologic or behavioral responses to stimuli. The frontal lobe conducts voluntary movement and speech. It also processes affect, drives, and awareness of self.

The parietal lobe interprets sensory data, provides comprehension of written language, and gives proprioception.

he temporal lobe interprets sound and locates its source. Within the temporal lobe is the Wernicke area, where written and spoken language is comprehended. The temporal lobe is an integration center for the senses and assists with balance.

It additionally integrates behavior, emotions, and personality. The occipital lobe processes and interprets vision-related stimuli. One of the most important areas of the brain for mental health is the limbic system.

This is the center for fear, aggression, mating, and short-term memory. The nurse practitioner must know what behaviors indicate neurologic disorder, physical/organic disorder resulting in change in mentation, developmental delays, or mental illness. She must know which health problems may be an indicator of mental illness.

Additionally, family history, seasons of life, age, pregnancy, religion, and culture all affect how mental illness may present (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021).

 

References

Chaponda, E. B., Bruce, J., Michelo, C., Chandramohan, D., & Chico, R. M. (2021). Assessment of syndromic management of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections among pregnant women: An observational cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/ (Links to an external site.) 10.1186/s12884-021-03573-3

Rhoads, J., & Wiggins Petersen, S. (2021). Advanced health assessment and diagnostic reasoning (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Uddin, F., Zeeshan, F., Younus, R., Yasmin, H., Bugti, S., & Hassan, A. (2020). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in females of child-bearing age and utility of pH and whiff test in diagnosis. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 24(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/ (Links to an external site.) 10.37939/jrmc/vol24.iss1.11

An Annual physical exam

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Case study 3 presents a 23-year-old Native American male who visits the clinic for an annual physical exam. He is anxious, smokes cannabis Sativa, and drinks alcohol. The case shows lifestyle and spiritual factors possible health risks. He is on drugs such as cannabis Sativa, which he terms “pot.”

He also drinks alcohol. Excessive and overtime reliance on alcohol risks one to diabetes and various cancerous illnesses (Lam et al.,2021). Furthermore, spiritual beliefs that his lifestyle may hinder him from getting to heaven contribute to anxiety.

Question 2

The Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan (SOAP) is a common approach used by care providers to document patient data. It consists of four parts, the first one being subjective.

On the subjective part, the care provider notes the chief complaints and other information obtained from the patient’s chart, for instance, history of present diseases, medical history, systems review, family history, and social status (Rhoads and Petersen, 2020).

The primary purpose of subjective data is to give the care provider a picture of the patient problem and reason for visiting the hospital. Objective data is the second section based on the SOAP approach.

It contains data obtained through objective assessment, which entails inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation (Ryu et al.,2022). Some of the data recorded in this section include blood pressure, weight, body mass index, temperature, and observable signs such as pacing in the anxious patient and results after systems review through laboratory tests and imaging.

Assessment is another crucial part of the nursing process also included in the SOAP method. It is key to recommending effective interventions. During this section, the care provider notes the issue or issues behind the presented signs and symptoms based on data collected from the previous sections.

However, the data listed in this section may fail to relate to one’s previous illnesses (Rhoads and Petersen, 2020). The care providers may add other arising threats deemed to impact health.

For instance, hypertension, marijuana, and alcohol consumption will be in the patient’s assessment section. The assessment for inpatients may contain more than diagnosed illness to capture aspects that care providers need to consider especially among inpatients (Rhoads and Petersen, 2020). More importantly, the method guides care providers in developing an effective plan.

The plan section composes of interventions to treat or manage the condition. A care provider may recommend non-pharmacological interventions based on the patient’s severity. For instance, physical exercise can help in relieving anxiety.

Other times, the caregiver can prescribe medications and educate on non-pharmacological interventions that promote safety. In this case, alprazolam, counseling to help in stopping drug abuse, and physical exercise would aid in relieving anxiety and blood pressure.

Question 3

The limbic system contains fundamental organs affected by mental disorders leading to various traits observed among patients with mental diseases.

It contains the amygdala that controls emotions, the hippocampus for learning and memory, and the cingulate gyrus for regulating emotions (Rhoads and Petersen, 2020). The etiology of mental disorders begins with the impairment of these crucial organs hence the declined memory function, behavior change, and perception among people with mental disabilities.

Other than the anatomy of mental disorders, psychiatric need to know the patient’s family history due to role of genes in influencing mental disorders. It is also important to know the previous illnesses when determining the etiology of a particular mental disorder.

References

Lam, B. Q., Srivastava, R., Morvant, J., Shankar, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2021). Association of diabetes mellitus and alcohol abuse with cancer: Molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Cells, 10(11), 3077.

Rhoads, J., & Petersen, S. W. (2020). Advanced health assessment and diagnostic reasoning (4th ed.). Burlington, US: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Ryu, S., Kim, S. C., Won, D. O., Bang, C. S., Koh, J. H., & cheol Jeong, I. (2022). iApp: An Autonomous Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, and Palpation Platform. Frontiers in Physiology, 13.

 

 

Playing music served to pass the time or relax

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Can you think of a time in your life when singing or playing music served to pass the time or relax at the end of a long hard day as folk songs did for early Americans? Have you ever used music to help you pace yourself during a heavy workload as African American slaves did with field hollers and work songs?

Share some of these musical experiences with your classmates and give examples of what type of music was involved.

 

2. After listening to “Bess, You is My Woman Now” by George Gershwin, compare and contrast Gershwin’s treatment of black Americans with that of Stephen Foster and the minstrel shows.

What do you personally think about these treatments? What role did racial tension play in the development of the music entertainment industry in the United States?

 

3. Jazz music was America’s most popular radio and dance club genre from the 1920s–40s. In the 1950s, its popularity began to dwindle, even though respect for the genre steadily grew.

Today, jazz music is considered to be the equal in artistry and complexity to classical music, and it has about the same relatively small number of devoted listeners. What do you think caused this shift in jazz from popular to art music?

 

4.  Do you agree with the following statement: “Many country songs express the inner conflict between pleasure-seeking and the pursuit of religious devotion or wanderlust and the security of home” (p. 175)? Why or why not?

The Purnell model

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The Purnell model explains that decision-making and how we view the world and the environment around us is governed by our thinking traits, norms, values, behavior, and the unspoken manner in which we create these components (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

Cultural competency is composed of four primary components. These components include cross-cultural skills, world views, knowledge of other cultural practices, attitudes toward cultural differences, and self-awareness about one’s cultural worldview (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

The Purnell model entailed twelve domains. These domains include communication, spirituality, workforce, heritage, family roles, organization, nutrition, bio-cultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, death rituals, pregnancy, healthcare practices, and healthcare professionals.

Cultural competency in nursing is defined as the ability or the capacity of a health care provider to provide the best medical treatment to the patients while portraying a solid cultural understanding of their values, beliefs, and race (Purnell, 2021).

It involved being aware of the cultural variations and managing the patients accordingly (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

Cultural competency is a concept that is highly required in the management of patients. It entails a nurse understanding the cultural background and providing care that is culturally sensitive (Purnell, 2021).

With the increased population of non-Americans in the United States today, it is of the essence for the nurse that each population is served well and their beliefs considered in the administration of treatment (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020). Purnell’s model provided the healthcare providers with different components that play a role in culture (Purnell, 2021).

The Purnell model provides domains that require cultural sensitivity, for example, family and pregnancy.

It is evident that the health care providers today are not vast in the different cultures and may lack the specific skills to manage people from different backgrounds (Purnell, 2021).  This model acts as an excellent guide (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

Culturally competent communication is defined as speaking with knowledge and awareness about the many healthcare inequalities as well as understanding the different sociocultural variables which have a significant impact on the behaviors and the attitudes as well as the ability to effectively handle issues (Purnell, 2021).

Through interactions with other people, one can gain more cultural information and many culturally appropriate and successful actions.

These include both verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Communication is therefore of the essence and plays a vital role in the acquisition and growth of cultural competency (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

There exist important guidelines that help in this process. one of the guidelines is being conscious and aware of your own culture before trying to get a grasp of another culture (Purnell, 2021).

This enables one to appreciate their own culture and consequentially allows them to appreciate and understand the culture of other people (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020). Another guideline is speaking in a clear and concise way and also in a way that is culturally appropriate.

It is also of the essence for a nurse to try to understand everything a patient is communicating, for it is through regular communication that the different parts of culture are found (Purnell, 2021).

This can only be done when a nurse or a health care provider already fully understands different cultures. The healthcare provider should also be more attentive to nonverbal communication and be mindful of how the culture affects you (Gürsoy, M. Y & Tanrıverdi, 2020).

 

References

Gürsoy, M. Y., & Tanrıverdi, G. (2020). Evaluation of Violence Against Elderly People of Different Cultures by Using The “Purnell Model for Cultural Competence”. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing, 28(1), 83.  Evaluation of Violence Against Elderly People of Different Cultures by Using The “Purnell Model for Cultural Competence” – PMC (nih.gov)Links to an external site.

Purnell, L. D. (2021). The Purnell model and theory for cultural competence. In Textbook for transcultural health care: A population approach (pp. 19-59). Springer, Cham.  The Purnell Model and Theory for Cultural Competence | SpringerLinkLinks to an external site.

 

 

 

How Do Students Use Packback

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(111) How Do Students Use Packback? – YouTube .The link above explains what and how it’s used PLEASE WATCH These are things that DO NOT belong in Packback:

  •   Questions that are phrased as a statement, not a question
  •   Questions that are closed-ended (only one “right” answer)
  •   Posts that are plagiarized or contain mostly quoted content
  •   Questions or responses that contain profanity or offensive language
  •   Questions about “class logistics” (tests, homework, schedule)
  •   Questions or responses that are not related to the subject matter of the community
  •   Duplicates of other questions or responses already posted
  •   Questions or responses that are intended for cheating

How to ask a great question on Packback

The goal of Packback is to create a community where everyone is sharing questions that foster valuable discussion, challenge existing ways of looking at the world, and uncover brilliant new ideas for applying class learning to the real world.These are the 3 components of a GREAT question to post on Packback:

  • It is OPEN for discussion, and can’t just be “Googled” That means it has more than 1 possible valuable response, so that many people can share ideas and discuss.
  • It SHARES interesting knowledge, source or ideas Great questions share interesting information, sources or ideas from other thinkers, and take them one step further to create a new idea or perspective.
  • It BUILDS connection between the class and the real world Great questions apply and connect class information to real world problems or concepts from other classes. Some of the most creative new ideas come from combining two unrelated ideas, a technique known as “Combinatory Thinking”.

(148) How to do Direct Instruction – TeachLikeThis – YouTube

(148) Cooperative Learning in the Elementary School – YouTube

(148) 7 Steps of Project-Based Learning – YouTube

(148) Inquiry-Based Learning: Developing Student-Driven Questions – YouTube

Traditional Data analysis techniques

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Motivating Challenges. As mentioned earlier, traditional data analysis techniques have often encountered practical difficulties in meeting the challenges posed by big data applications. The following are some of the specific challenges that motivated the development of data mining.

Scalability

Because of advances in data generation and collection, data sets with sizes of terabytes, petabytes, or even exabytes are becoming common. If data mining algorithms are to handle these massive data sets, they must be scalable.

Many data mining algorithms employ special search strategies to handle exponential search problems. Scalability may also require the implementation of novel data structures to access individual records in an efficient manner.

For instance, out-of-core algorithms may be necessary when processing data sets that cannot fit into main memory. Scalability can also be improved by using sampling or developing parallel and distributed algorithms. A general overview of techniques for scaling up data mining algorithms is given in Appendix F.

High Dimensionality

It is now common to encounter data sets with hundreds or thousands of attributes instead of the handful common a few decades ago. In bioinformatics, progress in microarray technology has produced gene expression data involving thousands of features. Data sets with temporal or spatial components also tend to have high dimensionality. For example,

consider a data set that contains measurements of temperature at various locations. If the temperature measurements are taken repeatedly for an extended period, the number of dimensions (features) increases in proportion to the number of measurements taken.

Traditional data analysis techniques that were developed for low-dimensional data often do not work well for such high-dimensional data due to issues such as curse of dimensionality (to be discussed in Chapter 2 page42image62669840 ). Also, for some data analysis algorithms, the computational complexity increases rapidly as the dimensionality (the number of features) increases.

Heterogeneous and Complex Data

Traditional data analysis methods often deal with data sets containing attributes of the same type, either continuous or categorical. As the role of data mining in business, science, medicine, and other fields has grown, so has the need for techniques that can handle heterogeneous attributes.

Recent years have also seen the emergence of more complex data objects. Examples of such non-traditional types of data include web and social media data containing text, hyperlinks, images, audio, and videos; DNA data with sequential and three-dimensional structure; and climate data that consists of measurements (temperature, pressure, etc.) at various times and locations on the Earth’s surface.

Techniques developed for mining such complex objects should take into consideration relationships in the data, such as temporal and spatial autocorrelation, graph connectivity, and parent-child relationships between the elements in semi-structured text and XML documents.

Data Ownership and Distribution

Sometimes, the data needed for an analysis is not stored in one location or owned by one organization. Instead, the data is geographically distributed among resources belonging to multiple entities. This requires the development

of distributed data mining techniques. The key challenges faced by distributed data mining algorithms include the following: (1) how to reduce the amount of communication needed to perform the distributed computation, (2) how to effectively consolidate the data mining results obtained from multiple sources, and (3) how to address data security and privacy issues.

Non-traditional Analysis

The traditional statistical approach is based on a hypothesize-and-test paradigm. In other words, a hypothesis is proposed, an experiment is designed to gather the data, and then the data is analyzed with respect to the hypothesis. Unfortunately, this process is extremely labor-intensive.

Current data analysis tasks often require the generation and evaluation of thousands of hypotheses, and consequently, the development of some data mining techniques has been motivated by the desire to automate the process of hypothesis generation and evaluation. Furthermore, the data sets analyzed in data mining are typically not the result of a carefully designed experiment and often represent opportunistic samples of the data, rather than random samples.