Describe the social learning approach to individual differences in aggression. What research supports this position? Then, briefly make a case against this approach to aggression, by drawing on research from one of the other approaches covered in a previous workshop.

Play in early childhood development is important because it helps physically and cognitively. Gross and motor skills in early childhood development get better and better because of play. Play helps get kids to exercise and reduces the chance of becoming obsessed. Children who pretend play “helps them solidify new cognitive schemes they were developing.” (Paris, Ricardo, & Raymond 185) “Play, then, reflects changes in their conceptions or thoughts. However, children also learn as they play and experiment. (Paris, Ricardo, & Rymond 185).

Citation

Paris, Jennifer, Ricardo, Antoinette, & Rymond, Antoinette. Child Growth and Development. Version 1.2., College of the Canyons, 2019.

discussion board 2

Play is such a fundamental part of the early childhood experience. Through play, children learn to make sense of the world. According to Piaget, children are very much involved in pretending during this preoperational stage of development.  He believed that children’s play helped them to synthesize new schemata that helped them to develop cognitively and that this play, based on pretend and experimentation, applied new ways of thinking about old ideas (Child Growth & Development, p. 185).  Play helps children understand the world that they live in.  Children need to experiment, manipulate, problem-solve, and interact with the world around them so they can make decisions for themselves that are essential to understanding how the world works.  Play provides these opportunities for children to actively engage with their environment and in doing so, come to understand how the world works as well as their place in it.

Both Piaget and Vygotsky both believed that children need to be active participants in their learning. Not only is play important for cognitive growth, but it is a very important aspect of physical and social growth as well. Piaget believed that children go through stages of growth and development that presented opportunities and experiences. The child would then apply prior knowledge to these new experiences and develop a new schema in such a way that cognitive equilibrium would be achieved, and new knowledge acquired (Child Growth & Development, p. 187). Vygotsky took a more social approach to learn. He believed that children learn from adults and older peers and felt that a child would not reach his full potential without these interactions (Child Growth & Development, p. 188). He believed that children should be taught tasks that are just slightly more challenging than they can accomplish independently with the help of a skilled teacher. His idea of the Zone of Proximal Development is seen today in teaching methods using scaffolding or supports that help the child to stretch his thinking and acquire new learning (Child Growth & Development, p188). According to Vygotsky, play allows children to model the actions of adults so they can begin to understand the world better and their role within that world (El’Konin, p. 13).

Your 4-year-old nephew has been diagnosed with autism. Your dad doesn’t understand what that means. Explain to your dad the symptoms that comprise autistic disorder, and assess the potential for the treatment of autism. Next, your mom blames your brother, saying he’s too permissive and doesn’t give your nephew enough affection. Include in your essay an explanation to your mom why it is no longer believed that parenting plays a role in autism.

2.  Your 13-year-old sister has been diagnosed with ADHD. Your grandmother has no idea what that means, but she is very worried—she has heard that kids who get diagnosed with this disorder get put in “dumb” classes. Describe to your grandmother the symptoms of ADHD and assess the potential for treatment. In your essay be sure to explain to your grandmother the main concern for children diagnosed with ADHD, and evaluate ways that this concern may be addressed.

Define the adaptation-level phenomenon and provide at least one example of it. Explain how upward social comparison causes dissatisfaction and how downward social comparison facilitates contentment. In your response, provide one example that demonstrates the relationship between upward social comparison and dissatisfaction, as well as one example that demonstrates the relationship between downward social comparison and contentment.

How does each of these impact our ability to address materialism which is a major contributor to climate change?  Do you have any insight into how we can address this using other social psychology influence principles?

Define personality. Describe the assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective on personality development. Make sure you discuss the id, ego, and superego and the levels of consciousness. Discuss the contributions of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers to personality development. Lastly, describe the Big Five factors and discuss and explain how someone may be high and/or low on each of the five factors