Management of pain and discomfort

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As we learned in our recent readings, the management of pain and discomfort often requires a multimethod approach. Case studies such as the one presented here are often used to train physicians and also provide an understanding of different aspects to health psychologists and other healthcare providers alike. Based on the sum of our knowledge to date- factors associated with behaviors, management of pain, patient-provider relationship, etc.- how did the case study address a full biopsychosocial perspective of pain management?

Symptoms of a Cluster B Personality Disorder

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In a brief case study in which you describe a client with symptoms of a Cluster B Personality Disorder.  Describe the client’s experience in enough detail that the reader could accurately pinpoint a specific diagnosis (knowing that, in the real world, folks with one Cluster B disorder often have the symptoms of another).  Specifically, talk about the pattern of co-occurring substance use that you might expect this client to experience in addition to their personality disorder.

Then, talk about a treatment strategy that might work well to engage the client in treatment and explain why that treatment strategy would be your first choice.

Theories on phases of development

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What are teratogens? Give a brief description of the process by which teratogens affect an unborn baby. Explain specific theories on phases of development that could be applicable in this discussion.

This is what I have so far, but can not pinpoint theories on phases of development.

1.)  Teratogens are considered to be harmful external agents. Male fetuses tend to be more sensitive to them than female fetuses. Teratogens include opioids and alcohol that affect the baby’s chance to survive after birth. One cause of this can be sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A baby who is born after having been hosted by a mother who has used alcohol or opioids will have a higher rate and a wider range to have developmental disabilities which include attentional disorders (ADHD) and an autism spectrum disorder. A mother who uses alcohol and/or opioids can cause their child to be born addicted to the opioid or cause them life-long harm by causing them to be disabled or be on the autistic spectrum. They may also face the cause of sudden infant death syndrome. While the fetus is unborn, the effects of the opioids the mother uses also affects the brain development and possible growth of the fetus. This will cause more issues when it comes to being brought into the world, with the previous information provided.

Inborn traits and characteristics 

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Raffy may still be in prison, as we speak. Given what you already know and what you have learned through this case, how must one live life? How must one develop? Does one need to be armed with inborn traits and characteristics strong enough to compel him/her to “compete” and stand despite adversities and trials to assure either survival, success, or post-traumatic growth? EXPLAIN

“Raffy” is a “crack baby”

The Ethical Principles of Psychologists and the Code of Conduct

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Alejandro is a 12-year-old Mexican boy who lives with his father and younger brother. About a week ago, his mother passed away. His teacher, Mr. Kombs, reported that he went from a fun-loving boy to a boy with “sad eyes.” Mr. Kombs also reported that Alejandro falls asleep in class, has a hard time focusing, and doesn’t speak much. He tends to stare into space and doesn’t go outside to recess at the appointed time. He has asked Alejandro a few times if he is OK, and Alejandro shrugs his shoulders. For the last two days, he has been tearful in class out of nowhere and asked to go to the restroom. Unfortunately, the teacher doesn’t know how the mother passed. He has reached out to Alejandro’s father, who has not returned any phone calls.

Part I: An intake has many parts, two of which are explaining informed consent and building rapport. Create a robust initial discussion response that addresses the following areas:

  • Discuss the importance of explaining informed consent.
  • What do the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and the Code of Conduct say about your responsibility as it relates to informed consent? (Hint: Do not simply copy and paste an ethical standard in your response to address this question.)
  • What techniques would you use to build rapport with a 12-year-old, reserved Mexican boy, Alejandro, whose mother just passed?

Part 2: Your intake also includes a clinical interview. Pick two history sections and write at least three open-ended questions that you would want to ask in your interview with Alejandro.

  • Developmental history.
  • Educational history.
  • Medical history.
  • Familial/relationship history.
  • Trauma history.
  • Psychiatric history.
  • Legal history.
  • Substance use/abuse history.
  • Social history.

Part 3: Offer at least two rule-out diagnoses for this case and justify your answer using diagnostic criteria.

 

 

Describe how socialized gender roles might contribute to generativity

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Review the text and locate some generativity theories and theorist(s) you like the most (e.g., Erikson, Logan, McAdams). Explain why people connect with one or more of these. Describe how socialized gender roles might contribute to generativity Discuss how personality may or may not contribute to generative actions.•What are people currently doing that is generative? Share how future career goals and how think this might contribute to generativity. Explain other actions people can take to increase/maintain generativity throughout life

Feldman, M. P. (n.d.). Reader. BibliU. Retrieved August 19, 2022, from https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780077498276/epub/OEBPS/Coverpage.html#page_i

The biopsychosocial model of mental illness

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The biopsychosocial model of mental illness suggests that symptoms tend to develop in response to a combination of biological factors, social stressors, and psychological stressors. Develop a list of two precipitating factors or events for each of the three elements of the model (bio, psycho, and social) in explaining the onset of anxiety. Please be sure to explain how they relate to the three elements.

Organizational hierarchy of an organism

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Successive changes in the organization of an organism that was viewed as a functional and adaptive system throughout its life” is a definition of a. maturation. b. experience. c. development. d. ontogeny.

What is the organizational hierarchy of an organism?
The major levels of organization in the body, from the simplest to the most complex are atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism.
What do you call the series of changes in the life of an organism?
life cycle, in biology, is the series of changes that the members of a species undergo as they pass from the beginning of a given developmental stage to the inception of that same developmental stage in a subsequent

Cognitive Restructuring

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Topic Cognitive Restructuring 1.  Based on the case example you have chosen, pick a CBT-based activity or worksheet that will help you support your client Include Three antecedents and two maintaining consequences

.  based on your intervention and include the following: Presenting problem Identify core beliefs, cognitive distortions, assumptions Identify the connection between belief, attitude and behavior

Why you chose this worksheet/activity and how you will apply it Length of your intervention pages Barriers, if any, to successful intervention Follow-ups, if any – who, when, how

 

Delusional thinking of a grandiose nature

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Mr. Joshua is a 55-year-old male with a long history of delusional thinking of a grandiose nature. He was brought to the ED on an emergency petition because he was found by the police to be argumentative with the salesman of a car dealership over the topic of buying a new car. This client proclaimed angrily that he had a special relationship with a movie star that he claimed sent him there to purchase a new BMW 2021, SUV. When the dealer called for a financial background check, the client’s credit score was below 200. It was determined upon investigation that this client is homeless and unemployed. He has been sleeping in a nylon tent sitting on the sidewalk over a subway train vent that provides warm steam. This client was noted as unkept with his hair and body. He also had a foul odor coming from his clothing which was dirty and he wore in 4 layers. This client became extremely angry with the salesman that told him that he did not meet the criteria through the credit bureau to be able to purchase a car.  Joshua also could not provide an address for the salesman except for the corner of Light and Holliday Street. He was noted invading the personal space of the sales manager that asked that he leave his car dealership.   This client was hyperverbal with rapid pressured speech. He was constantly in motion noting swinging his arms and hands in the air as he spoke.

The policeman said that this client seemed to require medication to slow himself down and decrease his threatening behavior toward others. He was allowed to use the phone at the dealership to call the famous movie star he claimed to know personally to verify to sales that he would help Joshua pay for the BMW.  This client is angry in effect and laughs loudly at times. Joshua is labile and in the mood with elation at times. He has purchased a color television from a local store but cannot pick it up because he has no place to plug it up and watch it.   This client has an angry affect at times and mood swings. Has been unemployed for 1 year.

Page 2 Case Situation- Joshua

Has been sleeping on the sidewalk over a ventilator vent from the subway in a tent downtown. He is disheveled, wearing layers of clothing for the past 2 years. He eats his meals at a soup kitchen. He has a family but claims that he cannot stay with them because they say that he is too hyper, loud, not sleeping, and has unpredictable periods of anger. This client reports that the children of his family are frightened to be around him. Joshua reports not taking his drugs or seeking treatment for 3-4 months due to his complaints of the side effects of the drugs prescribed.     He complains of the drugs cause him to have sexual problems and weight gain. This client has been living on the sidewalk or under a bridge. This client is pacing rapidly around the store. He was asked not to keep going into the store asking people for money and becoming angry when they did not give any to him. Joshua was seen in the Ed due to his aggressiveness, hyperactivity, and paranoid grandiose ideations and was involuntarily admitted to the inpatient behavioral health unit. Upon admission to the floor, this client proceeded to hit the technician and was administered Haldol 10 mg. IM. The client agreed to stay in his room for an hour to let the medication help to decrease his agitation and anxiety.   After an hour, this client was at the nurses’ station complaining of the thickness of his tongue, some drooling, and his eyes going up in his head. The client was unable to make the eyes stay own. All that could be seen was the whites of his eyes.   He was certified by the ED doctors after medical clearance. Joshua was given the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder, Mania

Instructions:

1.     Identify what the client is experiencing.

2.     Define what was going on with his eyes and his tongue.

3.     What causes reactions like that?

4.     Use the SBAR format to provide a report to the Nurse Practitioner on duty.

Page 3 Case Situation-Joshua

5.    What medication might be ordered for this client?

6.    Would this client need to receive medication in po. or IM. form?

7.    What might this client’s psychiatric diagnosis be?

8.    Might this client be described as neurotic or psychotic, explain!

9.    Provide a Nursing Diagnosis?

10. What kind side effects is this client experiencing.   Name and define the classification of the drugs that

would be given (refer to Chapter 4 of Townsend and Morgan 10th. Edition.

Please fill in the Axis according to the DSM 5

Axis I_________________________________

Axis II ________________________________

Axis III ________________________________

Axis IV ________________________________

Axis V ________________________________

>>>Use a SBAR form to document what you would report to the oncoming RN about this client’s experience the shift.