Intelligence testing

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Discuss the importance of group differences in IQ for understanding intelligence.

Considering the article Can Research on the Genetics of Intelligence Be ‘Socially Neutral’? and the textbook chapters on intelligence, compare and discuss at least two group differences in IQ. Why are these differences important for understanding intelligence?

After you have posted your initial response, respond to two of your peers. Discuss some of the factors that were identified to influence intelligence testing (e.g., ethics or cultural differences) and provide a rationale as to why some of these factors may or may not be more influential than others.

 

Text:

Roberts, D. (2015). Can Research on the Genetics of Intelligence Be “Socially Neutral”? Hastings Center Report, 45, S50-S53. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1002/hast.499

What role does the principle of charity play

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Question 1 Which of the following can be in logical arguments? Questions Normative statements Fragment Imperative statements

Question 2 What is the role that evidence could play in constructing logical arguments? Evidence is the conclusion(s) we draw from premises. Evidence gives support to a premise or conclusion. Evidence means our opinions are logically valid. Evidence doesn’t play a role.

Question 3 What role does the principle of charity play in argument reconstruction? It tells us to assume the best intentions from those around us. It tells us to do our best to make the argument valid or strong. It tells us to treat others as we wish to be treated. It tells us to make hidden premises as controversial as possible.

Question 4 What is it called when premises describe why the conclusion is true? Normative argument Simple argument Complex argument Explanation argument

Question 5 Which of the following statements about invalidity is true? The premises don’t follow the conclusion. Invalidity is when you can’t find a counterexample. The conclusion follows from the premises. Counterexamples are proof of invalidity.

Locus of Control and Health

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The supplementary article this week, Locus of Control and Health: A Review of the Literature Links to an external site.by Wallston & Wallston (1978), is a classic article on locus of control, as it applies to health. First, briefly summarize this article. Then, think about the article in the context of the course, and your reactions. Did you like the article? How does it relate to the course material? How could it be used in research?

The use of classical and operant conditioning

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What examples of correlational studies & statistics are cited in the sources why are they correlations and not experiments (remember, correlation does not equal causation)?

3.  Some of the sources allude to the use of classical and operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement in social media usage. How do learning theories apply to social media usage? Address each of the following and cite specific examples from the sources:

a.     Classical Conditioning

b.     Operant Conditioning

 

Nutritional and exercise habits

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Miranda Coben is a 13-year-old girl who lives in a small house on the outskirts of Fort Worth, Texas with her mother, a younger sister, an older brother, and her father. The house is an older home, a bit run-down but, generally clean. Harper’s mother does not work. Her father drives a semi-trailer and often spends several days or weeks away from home. It is no secret to Harper and her brother that her parent’s marriage is going very badly. Recently, their fighting had started getting louder and angrier. Harper loves both of her parents, and she does not like hearing the fighting every time her dad is home. While her father was away, her mother would often spend several days in bed with depression. This means that generally, there are few rules to follow, and Harper is expected to do most things independently and be responsible for herself. Responsibilities to look after the home, prepare meals and help the youngest sibling also started to fall to Harper and her brother. They ride their bikes to buy groceries from the nearby corner store.

Harper and her brother purchase food and necessary items with their mother’s SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) allowance and the little income that her father would leave behind. Money for meals had to be stretched as far as possible, often meaning fewer expensive foods like vegetables and meat and cheaper, longer-lasting foods such as canned soup and pasta. As she must pack her own lunch, she usually just takes a packet of chips. Harper and her siblings have always had a thickset build like both of their parents and are the biggest kids in their grades. Recently, Harper has noticed that she has been putting on weight, particularly around her midsection. She has become increasingly self-conscious and perceives her stomach as flabby and not like the other girls in her class. To avoid being seen, Harper makes excuses to miss school on the day of swim classes.

Harper has been practicing her ball skills, but she has noticed that she is not as good as her peers. She would like to play soccer with her friends outside of school, but there is not enough money for the registration fees. Several kids in the neighborhood began making fun of Harper when they were playing after school and Harper found herself getting into frequent fights. Eventually, these fights started occurring at school as kids would make comments to her on the playground. Harper has already been suspended twice this year and her mother is told that if it happens again, she will be expelled. Expulsion would mean that Harper must attend a different school which her family cannot afford.

Despite these issues with her friends, Harper’s parents haven’t been able to increase their level of involvement with Harper’s schooling. They think it is Harper’s fault when her teacher speaks too quickly for her to get all the notes down in class. They have also noticed that while she is fairly good at solving problems that are directly related to her experience, she does have more trouble solving hypothetical problems or considering more abstract problems.

 

Questions:
1. Describe any nutritional issues that may impact the case study’s current health.
2. Explain how the case’s current nutritional and exercise habits may impact risk for future illness or disease.  Identify at least one disease that may develop and explain you believe so.

3. Discuss the case’s gross or fine motor development.  Do the motor skills match developmental expectations for the case’s age? Explain.

4. Identify and explain any other physical development issue relevant for this case.  Explain your idea and how it impacts the case’s physical development.

5. Identify the appropriate Piagetian stage that best fits the case’s cognitive ability.  Explain why you believe this stage best fits this case.

6. Explain what concerns Zygotsky might identify about this case’s cognitive development.  Explain why you believe Zygotsky would think this way.

7. Identify any learning or intellectual concerns/deficits present in this case.  Name and explain the deficit.

8. Identify and explain any other cognitive development issue relevant for this case.  Explain your idea and how it impacts the case’s cognitive development.

Examine and discuss the psychotherapeutic modalities

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Mary Jones brought her 49-year-old mother, Mrs. Sandra Davis, to the community mental health center. Mrs. Jones states that she is concerned about her mother. Mrs. Jones describes her mother as becoming more and more withdrawn. Her mother refuses to leave home, stays in her bedroom with the lights off, has no appetite, does not bathe nor comb her hair, and is always crying.

Mrs. Davis is widowed. Her husband died one year ago. She has three children who live in their own homes/apartments. The youngest child just recently moved to an apartment because she wanted more privacy.

From your observation, you notice that Mrs. Davis’ face is sad. Her forehead is pinched and tight, and her eyes are downcast. She complains of insomnia, lack of energy, poor appetite, and pressure in her chest. She frequently sighs as she talks. Mrs. Davis says that she is worthless, that everything will always turn out bad no matter what she does, and that she has nothing to live for. She says that she would never commit suicide because people don’t go to heaven if they commit suicide.

 

1. Provide a provisional DSM 5/ICD 10 diagnosis

2. Examine and discuss the psychotherapeutic modalities you would choose to use to treat this client. Choose between Psychoanalytic, adlerian, existential, person-centered, gestalt, behavior, cognitive behavior, choice/reality, feminist, and postmodern therapy. You may combine therapies (integrative approach), but you must justify the combination. Be sure to include a list of the specific techniques (therapeutic processes and content), not just the theory you would use for this client. Be specific in how you would treat each client.

3. Explain your rationale.

Explain how upward and how downward social comparison facilitates contentment

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Explain how upward and how downward social comparison facilitates contentment. In your response, provide one example that demonstrates the relationship between upward social comparison and dissatisfaction, as well as one example that demonstrates the relationship between downward social comparison and contentment.

How does each of these impact our ability to address materialism which is a major contributor to climate change?  Do you have any insight into how we can address this using other social psychology influence principles?

Factors that influence human altruism

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What is the Bystander Effect? Explain and describe how the Bystander effect can happen in real-time. Explain and describe altruism and factors that influence human altruism including reciprocal altruism and diffusion of responsibility

Psychodynamic perspective on personality development

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Define personality. Describe the assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective on personality development. Make sure you discuss the id, ego, and superego and the levels of consciousness. Discuss the contributions of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers to personality development. Lastly, describe the Big Five factors and discuss and explain how someone may be high and/or low on each of the five factors

Procedures to improve human memory

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Provide a brief critique of the experiment and its application to the real world. You should be sure to discuss any problems with the methodology of the experiment or any problems with the interpretations of the results. Additionally, consider how the findings of the study can be applied to real-world issues. How could findings from the experiment be applied to develop policies or procedures to improve human memory in different professional settings? What strengths or weaknesses in human memory do the experiments highlight that would be important for professional disciplines?