Transitioning from cybersecurity to physical security

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Transitioning from cybersecurity to physical security, this module examines how our nation’s critical infrastructure is affected by the vulnerable cyber technology that controls its daily functions.

In his 2012 Defcon 20 cybersecurity conference presentation, Dan Tentler, founder of the San Diego-based information security consulting firm AtenLabs, shared screenshots of dozens of connected devices he could find on the Internet using a laptop and browser. He was able to access several critical infrastructure systems, showing that they were vulnerable to cyber-attack. His presentation vividly demonstrated that the Internet was not designed with security in mind.

Network-ready industrial control systems that monitor and control the physical processes of machines have become the instruments that contribute to a threat we call physical security. The machines we rely on to supply energy, drinking water, and safe food are at risk. The potential security weakness of SCADA systems was exposed by a cyber-attack against the Natanz Iran uranium enrichment facility. A computer worm, called Stuxnet, caused the facility’s control systems to make the centrifuges spin out of control. Stuxnet, a cyber-weapon that changed modern warfare, does not discriminate between nations; it simply attacks and destroys computer-managed machines.

References:

Tentler, D. (2012) “Defcon 20 – Dan Tentler – Drinking from the Caffeine Firehose We Know as Shodan.” YouTube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cWck_xcH64:

Case Assignment
Using three different industries, provide three examples of physical security dangers faced by SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) network systems.
After reviewing Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21), discuss a national policy to strengthen and maintain secure, functioning, and resilient critical infrastructure. What is resilient infrastructure? Provide two examples of how this concept protects people and property.
Assignment Expectations
Length: This Case Assignment should be 3-5 pages, not counting the title page and references.

The environmental problem

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Watch a TED talk that is at least 10 minutes long on an environmental issue of your choice. Hopefully, you can find one that is related to the campaign you have already been researching. You need to share a link to the TED talk with me. You may use any of the creative formats below but be sure to include the following:

Summarize the main points of the talk using at least three-time stamps of information you found interesting. For example, “At 2:09 the author states that…”
If the TED talk is related to the environmental problem you have been researching, how did it compare to the information you already learned? Did you learn anything new? Was the problem bigger or smaller than you thought? If the talk was not related to your topic, look up one idea the presenter talked about and summarize what you find.
Were you moved to action by the presentation? Why or why not?
What would the presenter have had to do or say or share (data) to make you change your mind and do something about the problem? If you were already on board or the presenter did change your mind, what did they do, say, or share to make you change your mind or make you feel that you were happy with your decision?
Assignment Deliverables

Adverse health outcomes

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If you were the state epidemiologist and it was suspected that smoke from the local toy factory was connected to adverse health outcomes among the town’s residents, what type of cohort study would you conduct to further investigate this concern? Why? What limitations exist in your choice of study? Remember to cite sources where necessary. In your responses to your classmates, offer suggestions for how to circumvent such limitations.

Strengths and weaknesses in uncovering the value of an item

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1. Case Study: Auctions and Dynamic Pricing
Overview
There are many types of auctions, each with strengths and weaknesses in uncovering the value of an item. Auctions are widely used in finance, e-commerce, and e-games. They are also widely used to generate revenue for not-for-profit organizations.
The following video describes auctions as price discovery mechanisms:
• The Ideal Auction.
Use the video on auctions and at least three academic or high-quality business publications (see acceptable types below) to compare and contrast English auctions and Dutch auctions, and sealed-bid first-price auctions and Vickery auctions.
Instructions
Address the following questions in 5–7 pages:
2. Compare and contrast how each of the following uncovers value:
o English and Dutch auctions.
o Sealed-bid first-price auctions and Vickery auctions.
3. Compare and contrast surge pricing and congestion pricing. Give an example of each currently in use.
4. Identify three examples of auctions used in finance, e-commerce, and/or e-games. Explain the following in-depth:
o The need for an auction to uncover value in the product or service.
o How the type of auction used to uncover the value of the product or service is better at uncovering value than other types of auctions.
5. What are the advantages or disadvantages of auctions as revenue generators for not-for-profit organizations?
6. Suggest ways in which a for-profit company, such as the company for which you work or a company for which you aspire to work, can use auctions or dynamic pricing to better uncover value and increase revenue.
This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Acceptable Types of Publications
A high-quality, professional business publication is one that is primarily directed at reporting or analyzing the workings of the business. Examples are the Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg, and Reuters. Avoid general news publications such as USA Today, the Washington Post, and the New York Times. Other articles and resources can be found at the Strayer Library.
Please do not rely on Wikipedia, Investopedia, or similar websites as references at any time in this course.
The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
• Propose ways in which a company can use auctions to better uncover value and increase revenue.

Environmental Criminology and Crime Prevention aim to prevent crime

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Environmental Criminology and Crime Prevention aim to prevent crime, not to cure offenders or reform society. It is based on three contingent propositions: Crime is best understood as an interaction between the offender and the immediate environment.

Why is an understanding of addiction and addictive behavior important for criminal justice professionals?

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Why is an understanding of addiction and addictive behavior important for criminal justice professionals? How would you describe the difference between addiction and addictive behavior? What type of counseling plan would you develop for an offender who suffers from addiction and addictive behavior and has experienced physical and emotional trauma in his or her life? How could you help them set goals and develop a plan that will create success and break the pattern of addictive behavior?

How would you describe the difference between addiction and addictive behavior?

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How would you describe the difference between addiction and addictive behavior? What type of counseling plan would you develop for an offender who suffers from addiction and addictive behavior and has experienced physical and emotional trauma in his or her life? How could you help them set goals and develop a plan that will create success and break the pattern of addictive behavior?

Discuss the concept of refutability in terms of Anna Freud, Jung, and Adler

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Discuss the concept of refutability in terms of Anna Freud, Jung, and Adler. What are the main differences between Freud’s and Adler’s theories? Freud believed instinctual forces drove humanity whereas Adler believed people can and do make conscious decisions. A primary difference in therapies was Freud’s focus on the narrow scope of early childhood and its effects but Adler’s therapy focused on the present.

Crime prevention program that targets juveniles

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Create a proposal for a new crime prevention program that targets juveniles and determine how you will evaluate its effectiveness.

In the analysis of how your program will deter juvenile delinquency, you will want to use data from your three comparison programs (D.A.R.E, G.R.E.A.T, and Citizens academy) to support your new program. For example, how many juveniles are enrolled in the program? In order to deliver the best programming possible for juveniles in the K 12 school system, calculate the optimal ratio of staff to the target population, based on the average ratio of the comparison programs.

Your analysis should specifically identify the data source and include a summary of the data.

In addition, you will want to specifically address how the data were used to inform your thinking on the development of your new program (i.e., how you used the data to solve a real-world problem).

In a 13- to 15-slide PowerPoint presentation incorporating speaker notes to include the following:

  • Who is your target population, what are your goals, and how will your program be implemented?
  • Explain your program, detailing its elements of it and why it will be effective.
  • Describe how the program’s effectiveness will be analyzed and how the objectives will be evaluated.
  • Specify how deterrence will be measured and what will be considered effective deterrence.

Include a title slide and reference slide.

Cite a minimum of three sources in your reference slide, using in-text citations in the presentation where appropriate.

 

The new program would have the following goals:

 

1. To reduce crime and improve public safety The new program would aim to reduce crime and improve public safety by increasing the number of people who are willing to report crime and cooperate with law enforcement. By improving the relationship between the police and the community, the new program would hope to increase the number of people who are willing to come forward with information about crimes. Additionally, by improving the reentry process for people who are released from prison, the new program would aim to reduce the number of people who re-offend and end up back in the criminal justice system.

 

2. To increase the number of people who are willing to report crime and cooperate with law enforcement The new program would aim to increase the number of people who are willing to report crime and cooperate with law enforcement by improving the relationship between the police and the community. By increasing trust and communication between the police and the public, the new program would hope to encourage more people to come forward with information about crimes. Additionally, the new program would provide training for law enforcement officers on how to better interact with the community, which would hopefully lead to more cooperation from the public.

 

3. To improve the relationship between the police and the community The new program would aim to improve the relationship between the police and the community by increasing trust and communication between the two groups. The new program would provide training for law enforcement officers on how to better interact with the community, which would hopefully lead to more trust and cooperation from the public. Additionally, the new program would create opportunities for the police and the community to work together to solve problems and address concerns.

 

4. To reduce the number of people who are incarcerated The new program would aim to reduce the number of people who are incarcerated by improving the reentry process for people who are released from prison. The new program would provide training and support for people who are released from prison, which would hopefully lead to fewer people reoffending and ending up back in the criminal justice system. Additionally, the new program would work to connect people with resources and opportunities that would help them successfully reintegrate into society.

 

5. To improve the reentry process for people who are released from prison The new program would aim to improve the reentry process for people who are released from prison by providing training and support for people who are released from prison. The new program would work to connect people with resources and opportunities that would help them successfully reintegrate into society. Additionally, the new program would provide support for families of people who are incarcerated, which would hopefully lead to more successful reentry for those individuals.

 

What was the alleged motivating factor for the crime(s) of terrorism and or genocide?

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Describe times governments have committed crimes such as terrorism and genocide. What was the alleged motivating factor for the crime(s) of terrorism and or genocide? Did the state face any punishment for its action? If so, what was the punishment?