Why is an understanding of addiction and addictive behavior important for criminal justice professionals? How would you describe the difference between addiction and addictive behavior? What type of counseling plan would you develop for an offender who suffers from addiction and addictive behavior and has experienced physical and emotional trauma in his or her life? How could you help them set goals and develop a plan that will create success and break the pattern of addictive behavior?

Discuss the economics of people who work in the drug trade, from the source to street delivery, from the people at the very beginning of the process (such as coca leaf pickers) and at the very end (street salespeople) make very little money.

Discuss the different types of surveillance and the legal issues related to surveillance.  Define the purpose, effectiveness, and advances in this field. What is the difference between loose and close surveillance?

What other info would be important in regard to popular restorative justice practices? Thanks! Three popular restorative justice practices are victim-offender mediation, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing (Doerner & Lab, 2014). Victim-offender mediation allows the offender and victim to come together and discuss issues such as restitution, resolve any lingering conflicts, and allows the victim to have any of their questions answered by the offender. Family group conferencing is much like victim-offender mediation, except family members and support groups for both victim and offender may be present and can express their thoughts and concerns. Circle sentencing allows community members to come to a meeting and voice their thoughts on “determining the appropriate sanctions for offenders” (Doerner & Lab, 2014, p. 151).

What is the thinking and logic behind nonreactive methods, and why are they important to criminal justice and crime studies? Nonreactive research methods are a way of collecting data in such a way that the person/persons being studied do not know they are being studied. There are three major types of nonreactive method ( field research, secondary analysis, and content analysis). Using these research methods, subjects can be studied through the following: homicide rates, physical trace analysis, artifacts statistics from existing criminology, use of existing records and simple and disguised observation (Kraska & Neuman, 2011). The logic and thinking are that by collecting existing information or covertly observing an event avoids the problem of data being corrupted by reactive research effects. This thinking is similar to The Hawthorne Effect that was discussed in chapter 7. The Hawthorne Effect describes how a research participant can change their behavior because of their role as a research participant. If an unnatural change in behavior occurs, researchers are no longer measuring a natural reaction to what is being studied. Researchers therefore cannot contend that it was the study components alone that influenced the behavior of the study participants.