Characteristics of phylum Echinodermata.

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Morphological characteristics of phylum Echinodermata. Identify the morphological characteristics shared by all groups in the phylum Echinodermata.

  • Define the distinguishing characteristics of chordates and vertebrates, and contrast them with the characteristics of other animal phyla.
  • Explain how the duplication of Hox genes and Hox gene complexes relates to the evolution of novel characteristics and new body plans in vertebrates.