Inferential statistics

True or false: Statistics represent the true value that occurs in a population.

True or false: The population is a subgroup that is studied

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Determining whether a new drug lowers blood pressure compared to an old drug

Developing a 95% confidence interval for the true mean mortality difference between one city with high air pollution and a similar city with low air pollution

Regression analysis of exposure to a pesticide and the development of cancer

All of the above

Which of the following measurement scales can assess rank/order? (Select all that apply)

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

True or false: 15 degrees Kelvin is three times 5 degrees Kelvin

True or false: If two variables vary consistently together, one causes the other

Describe one-way biostatistics can be applied to public health in your own words.

Why is it important for sample data to be representative of the population of interest?

What are the reasons why a sample would not be representative in a study? (Select all that apply)

Cost

Response Bias

The target population could not be studied for ethical reasons

Measurement error

What is one reason it is difficult to conduct a long-term research study on a single group of participants (also called a study cohort)?

Why might it be difficult to study the effect of a single risk factor on the development of a disease?

If we are studying the effectiveness of a drug, we might conduct a study in which we have two groups. One group is given the drug, and the other group is not given the drug, and instead is given a placebo. Why might we want those two groups to be similar?

True or false: If two research studies are researching the same outcome, and they are both designed appropriately, they will always obtain the same results.