Need for the 14th Amendment

What was need for the 14th Amendment, why were southern states required to pass the amendment and why did many resist, and what year did it finally become law?

Who did the Amendment help and how did it help them – and who did it leave out? Why were women upset?

What issues from the document are still controversial today? How does it relate to current situation with immigration?

Also, how is the style and content of the original document different from the secondary account provided in the textbook?  Which is more important, or do they complement each other