How does exercise affect the physical structures of the brain, and what is the long term value of exercise as we age? How are cognition and emotion affected by exercise?

Based on what you’ve learned, what are three things you think everyone should know about the brain in mid-life, and the role of exercise in our well-being at that stage?

Exercise can also boost memory and thinking indirectly by improving mood and sleep, and by reducing stress and anxiety. Problems in these areas frequently cause or contribute to cognitive impairment.

How does exercise affect the brain long-term?

Exercise improves memory by increasing molecular targets like the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This molecular factor increases synaptogenesis, forming new synapses that mediate learning and memory, making it easier to absorb information and form long-term memories.