systems of carceral surveillance

How do systems of carceral surveillance, mass incarceration, and the criminalization of poverty perpetuate cycles of poverty, racial profiling, and social control, particularly in communities of color that are disproportionately targeted by punitive policing practices and draconian sentencing laws, and what alternatives to punitive justice models and prison-industrial complexes are needed to address the root causes of crime, promote community-based interventions, and build restorative justice systems that prioritize healing, rehabilitation, and accountability over punishment and retribution?