Which of the following conditions at the atrioventricular node will cause a decrease in heart rate?

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Which of the following conditions at the atrioventricular node will cause a decrease in heart rate?

 

  1. Increased calcium permeability
  2. Increased norepinephrine levels
  3. Decreased acetylcholine
  4. Increased sodium permeability
  5. Increased potassium permeability

 

Question 5

 

Parasympathetic (vagal) nerve stimulation can cause ____________.

 

  1. Increased transmission of impulses
  2. Increased heart rate
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Decreased heart rate

 

Question 9

 

From the AV bundle, the impulse goes into the ___________.

 

  1. Purkinje fibers
  2. Sinoatrial node
  3. Internodal pathway
  4. AV node

 

Question 11

 

The Q-T interval represents _______________________

 

  1. Ventricular relaxation
  2. Ventricular contraction
  3. Atrial flutter
  4. Atrial contraction

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question 18

 

The sympathetic nervous system/catecholamines, cause ____ in the resistance of the afferent arterioles and ______ in the resistance of the efferent arterioles resulting in ____ in the glomerular filtration rate during conditions such as severe hemorrhage

 

            Increase, increase, decreased

            Decrease, decrease, increase

            Decrease, increase, increase

Increase, increase, increase

Decrease, decrease, Decrease, 

Question 23

 

A 50-year-old man has been having fainting “spells” for about 2 weeks. During the fainting episodes, his electrocardiogram shows a ventricular beat of 25 per minute and 100 P waves per minute. After about 30 seconds of fainting, a normal sinus rhythm reoccurs. Which is likely diagnosis

 

  1. Third-degree atrioventricular block/ Stokes Adams Syndrome
  2. Atrial flutter
  3. Second-degree atrioventricular block

 

Question 25

 

Hypoxic conditions can result in ______.

 

  1. Atrial flutter
  2. Atrial fibrillation
  3. Cardiac arrest
  4. Ventricular fibrillation
  5. First-degree atrioventricular block

 

Question 30

 

The most important kidney functions include: (Select All that Apply)

 

  1. Excretion of metabolic
  2. Regulation of acid base balance
  3. Exertion of drugs and toxins
  4. Gluconeogenesis
  5. Triglyceride digestion

 

Question 31

 

Creatinine is a waste product of _______ metabolism while uric acid is a waste product from _______ metabolism

 

  1. Muscle, nucleic acid
  2. Protein, urea
  3. Protein, nucleic acid
  4. Protein, carbohydrate
  5. Muscle, protein

 

Question 33

 

Select the sequential pathway of the blood through the arteries of the kidney

 

  1. Interlobar-Renal artery – segmental artery – arcuate arteries – interlobular/cortico-radiate artery
  2. Renal artery – interlobar artery- arcuate arteries – segmental artery – interlobar artery
  3. Renal artery – segmental artery – interlobar artery – accurate arteries – 
  4. Renal artery – interlobar artery – segmental artery – accurate arteries – interlobular/cortico-radiate artery

 

Question 46

 

Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate allows it to stay at a relatively constant level despite large fluctuation in arterial pressure.

 

 

  1. True
  2. False

 

 

Question 47

 

Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule can drastically increase by _________.

 

 

  1. Kidney stones
  2. Tubular necrosis
  3. Urinary tract obstruction
  4. Tubular obstruction

 

 

 

 

 

Question 49

 

 

Prerenal AKI results in more than —————  of all acute kidney failures.

 

  1. 40%
  2. 5%
  3. 30%
  4. 50%
  5. 20%