The field of community development

Describing  groups that are involved within the field of community development. Where did many of these groups originate? What strategies have groups used to get their concerns addressed? What is the difference between community development that is initiated from outside of the community, usually by governmental agents or the development community, and community development that is initiated by community-based organizations that have been formed to address community development issues? What are the strategies utilized by community development organizations to impact urban planning on the physical and social environment of communities?