What are some threats to validity that our text presents this week?

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What are some threats to validity that our text presents this week? List some and explain why they can hurt your research.

What is meant by threats to validity?
From a research design standpoint, the simplest way to understand threats to validity is that a hypothesis might be tested in a manner other than what the researcher had intended—a situation not to be confused with the researcher’s failure to obtain the result he or she had expected.