Traditions of international order. Based on his analysis, compare and contrast the Hobbesian, Kantian and Grotian views on international society.

Traditions of international order. Based on his analysis, compare and contrast the Hobbesian, Kantian and Grotian views on international society.

According to Yanzhong Huang (2009: 127): ‘Infectious disease has historically affected world politics more extensively than most imagine (McNeill 1976; Watts 1999). Yet despite its impact on the course of history and the fate of nations, for a long time the concept of security focussed on the use of military power to protect national borders and interests abroad.’

Critically discuss this statement by referring to Huang’s arguments and applying them to the COVID- 19 pandemic. Your answer should address (i) the security implications of pandemic disease; and (ii) what international relations tells us about the efficacy of state responses to the pandemic. (30 marks)

Question 2 Critically discuss the role that energy politics plays in Russian foreign policy. What, if any, has
the effect of the 2022 conflict in the Ukraine been on this? (30 marks)