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How a Market force affects the health care industry

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Write a 3-5 page executive report that explains how a market force affects the health care industry and describes an associated ethical challenge that could influence management practices. Recommend two strategies to prevent or address the ethical challenge and explain how the strategies maintain compliance with external regulations.

Introduction

External market forces present a tremendous challenge to a health care manager. Any changes in society connected to demographics, the government, economics, politics, legislation, and even weather can affect the health care industry. This is true on global, national, state, and local levels. An effective manager must stay abreast of current issues, while simultaneously attempting to accurately forecast and prepare for future change.

In addition, there is an overwhelming array of both mandatory and non-mandatory regulatory agencies and organizations that control the health care system. The organizations can be national, state, or local, and include consumer advocacy organizations as well. They exist as external entities to protect the community and limit the power of the industry in various ways. Health care managers have a responsibility to understand, remain updated on, and assure compliance with specific guidelines and regulations in their sector of the industry to remain in compliance and uphold an outstanding reputation for themselves and their organization. Strategic planning, development, and implementation of policies and procedures, training of staff, and building a strong organizational culture support this compliance. They also present internal opportunities for effective leaders to model stewardship and fiduciary duty toward the community.

Successful health care managers model stewardship and fiduciary duty by reaching outward to serve as advocates for their organization and profession. Active participation in professional organizations is recommended as a strategy to build personal and organizational trust and integrity in the community. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), based on the business management triple bottom line concept, is embraced by many health care organizations. The ethical perspectives of CSR support health care managerial efforts in the development of positive connections and partnerships in the community. This creates social value and is a demonstration of stewardship and fiduciary duty. This could translate locally, nationally, or globally, depending on the type of health care organization involved.

In addition to our evolving health care reform efforts, three major influential market forces are affecting our current health care system. On a fundamental level, the transition from a patriarchal to a managed-care system has dramatically changed the delivery of health care services. The demographic shift in our population due to the aging of the baby boomers is causing a profound change in the health care industry. Public interest in and demand for integrative medicine alternatives and options, especially in terms of surgical and injury recovery, pain management, and cancer treatment, is expanding. Ethical issues and considerations, based on these external market forces, are emerging and forcing organizations and managers to come up with new and effective strategies, policies, and procedures to successfully prevent and address them.

Preparation

For this assessment, suppose you work for a health care organization whose senior leadership strives to make ethical decisions related to ever-changing external forces. As part of the management team, you have been assigned to analyze one of the market forces affecting the health care industry. You need to choose one of the following market forces:

· Managed care.

· Caring for aging baby boomers.

· Integrative medicine.

Then you need to choose one segment of the health care system (insurance, reimbursement industry, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and so on) to use as the focus of this analysis. For example, you may decide to focus on integrative medicine in long-term care facilities.

Review the resources provided and conduct your own research on the topic you have selected. You will need to use current, relevant information and statistics from at least three authoritative resources to support your work. Be sure you also look at regulatory agencies that oversee the topic and health care system segment you selected.

Format this assessment as an executive report, following APA guidelines for citations and references. Please be sure you include a title page and a references page.

Instructions

In the executive report you develop for this assessment, be sure you complete the following:

· Explain how the market force you selected is affecting the health care industry. Include any statistics you found during your research.

· Describe at least one ethical challenge related to the market force that might influence organizational management practices.

· Recommend at least two strategies leadership might use to prevent or address the challenge. Consider whether a CSR initiative could help prevent the ethical challenge.

· Explain how your recommended strategies will maintain compliance with external regulations.

Additional Requirements

· Include a title page and references page.

· Number of pages: 3–5, double-spaced.

· At least three current, authoritative resources.

· APA format for citations and references.

· Times New Roman font, 12-point.

Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are strongly encouraged to complete them in sequence.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

· Competency 1: Explain how ethical theories and principles influence health care organizational management practice.

13. Recommend strategies to prevent or address an ethical challenge.;

. Competency 2: Describe how external forces and internal organizational factors influence ethical health care management practices.

14. Explain how a market force affects the health care industry.

14. Describe an ethical challenge related to a market force that influences organizational management practices.

14. Explain how strategies to prevent or address an ethical challenge maintain compliance with external regulations.

. Competency 4: Communicate ideas effectively.

15. Correctly format citations and references using current APA style.

15. Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is becoming quite popular. What are your thoughts on the efficacy of this modality? I do not care for any do it at home model, to much risk.

Responses will be checked by Turnitin for originality. It should be a minimum of 150 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than your text).

Relationship between personal integrity and Ethical leadership

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Prepare an 8-10 slide PowerPoint presentation for a group of managers. Explain the relationship between personal integrity and ethical leadership, and between ethical leadership and positive organizational outcomes. Explain the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice and how these principles guide ethical health care leadership practices.

Introduction

As you prepare for your career, it is important to build a foundational understanding of the basic ethical theories directly related to health care management. It is important to infuse ethical knowledge and principles throughout an organization to effectively address challenging situations in all aspects of management, leadership, strategic planning, and decision making.

You should also understand the relationship between personal value systems and ethical management practice. The concept of moral integrity is a basis for professional actions and leads to positive business outcomes. Of course, there are personal ethical challenges that might present barriers in maintaining long-term, consistent success as a moral leader; therefore, the development of a personal moral compass and ethical bottom line can be useful in guiding your career.

Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are examples of the ethical principles most commonly used by health care leaders in organizational management planning, problem-solving, and decision making. Effective managers refer directly to these ethical principles for preventing and resolving issues related to all aspects of business.

While these principles appear to be relatively easy to define, the challenge for health care leaders is in their appropriate application. An effective leader develops knowledge, understanding, and skills in ethical leadership through observation, practice, and reflection on experiences and outcomes. The constant, and often profound, changes in our health care system create continuous learning opportunities to develop moral leadership qualities and skills. Each sector of the health care system presents different needs and situations related to each of the ethical principles, although some applications are universal.

Preparation

Suppose the health care organization where you work has determined that most employees are unclear about the differences between ethics and morality, and professional ethics and personal ethics. As a mid-level manager, you have been asked to develop and present a lunch-and-learn session on ethics for other managers within the organization.

Review the resources provided and conduct your own search for scholarly and professional resources on ethical principles and theories. Find at least three authoritative resources you can use to support your work on this assessment.

The format for this assessment is an 8–10 slide PowerPoint presentation. Please use the notes section of each slide to expand the points on the slide. Be sure your presentation is appropriate for the audience and presents the required aspects clearly. Follow APA guidelines for any in-text citations and your references. You must include a title slide and a references slide. You do not need to record yourself giving the presentation.

Instructions

Prepare an 8–10 slide PowerPoint presentation for managers in a health care organization. Include the following:

· Explain the relationship between personal moral integrity and ethical leadership in health care. Be sure you also consider how these concepts differ and the role of health care managers in ensuring that ethics are an integral element in their leadership.

· Explain the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

· Explain how these principles guide health care leadership practices.

· Explain the relationship between ethical health care leadership and positive outcomes for the organization.

Additional Requirements

· Include a title slide and references slide.

· Number of slides: 8–10.

· At least three current scholarly or professional resources.

· APA format for citations and references.

· Consider the target audience and feel free to be creative.

Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are strongly encouraged to complete them in sequence.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

· Competency 1: Explain how ethical theories and principles influence health care organizational management practice.

10. Explain the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.

10. Explain how ethical principles guide health care leadership practices.

10. Explain the relationship between ethical health care leadership and positive outcomes for the organization.

. Competency 3: Examine the role personal moral integrity plays in ethical leadership practice.

11. Explain the relationship between personal moral integrity and ethical leadership.

. Competency 4: Communicate ideas effectively.

12. Correctly format citations and references using current APA style.

12. Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

The Responsibilities of public health

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Some of the responsibilities of public health that can be characterized by the spectrum of operations carried out by health agencies include assessment, the formulation of policies, and leadership, in addition to providing access to services in the areas of environmental, educational, and personal health.

The public health system throughout the country is significantly influenced by the activities and policies of the federal government. Its mission includes, among other things, the conducting of research in the medical field, the establishment of standards, the enactment of legislation, the provision of funding for and on occasion the delivery of personal health services, the provision of technical assistance, and resources for state and local healthcare systems.

This paper discusses five different agencies of health authorities at the federal, state, and local levels, including the activities they carry out and how their jobs affect APRN and those with mental health.

Keywords: agency, federal, government, health

Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)

The United States Health and Human Services (HHS) serves as a government agency charged with improving the health of Americans. Health outcomes are the agency’s primary emphasis in more than 100 initiatives that are available to the public. Aside from making health laws and guidelines, the agency has also been granted the authority to regulate the health industry and public health programs.\

It has enacted rules such as the HIPAA Privacy Rule, which protects personal health information and provides individuals with a number of rights.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

This organization is known as the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA for short. In addition to medical devices, this agency is responsible for regulating things such as food, drugs, cosmetics, and similar products. In order to protect the health of the general population, it is the responsibility of the agency to investigate and confirm that these products are both safe and effective.

Graduates of APRN and DNP programs should be aware of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since it sets guidelines for the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is relevant to advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) for a number of reasons, the most important of which is that it establishes guidelines for the safe and effective use of pharmaceuticals and other types of medical technology.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

There is a regulatory body inside the government that is in charge of health insurance and the provision of medical services. Within the United States’ national healthcare system, this agency is responsible for ensuring the confidentiality of patients’ medical records. Because it creates criteria for preserving the privacy of patient health information, HIPAA is a significant piece of legislation for graduates of APRN and DNP programs.

Because it specifies guidelines for the exchange of patients’ health information, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is related to APRNs.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)

This organization is formally known by its full name, which is “The National Institutes of Health” (NIH). The agency’s scope of control extends to include biomedical research as well as research that is relevant to health. Research into the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and disorders within the healthcare system of the United States is one of the core functions of the agency, which is also responsible for providing funding for such research.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an organization that is pertinent to the APRN/DNP graduate since the NIH funds and conducts research on the health care needs of the community. The fact that the NIH is both sponsoring and carrying out research to evaluate how effective APRN care is an essential component of the work that it is doing in this area.

Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)

As a branch of the federal government, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It contributes to preserving and enhancing the well-being of the American people as well as ensuring their safety. Two more major tasks of the organization are conducting scientific study on emerging health difficulties and providing guidance on how best to address public health concerns. At this time, they are working on implementing regulations and processes that will assist them in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Agency	Level of authority	Scope of Authority	Role	Relevance to APRN/DNP	Relevance to specialty area (Mental Health)
1. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)	National	Focuses on the health and well-being of all Americans of by regulation services to include prevention of epidemics, facilitate research, and social security services. The institution also manages eleven operating departments including Medicare and Medicaid services, CDC, and Administration for Children and Families.	U.S. HHS’s objective is to improve the health and well-being of the American people by delivering effective health and human services and encouraging sound, long-term improvements in the sciences underpinning medicine, public health, and social services.	This department contains eleven operating departments, including the Center for Medicaid and Medicare services (CMS). This program currently provides health insurance to 1 in every 4 Americans. This affects the APRN because they will be able to provide care to more people and be able to bill CMS directly.	This department ensure that clinical trials employ medications and medical equipment in a safe and effective way by creating rules for their usage. The CMS also provides health coverage so patients with mental illness can get the care they need and be able to afford their prescriptions.
2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	National	Focuses on food and medication safety legislation.	Supports research and development to improve the safety, cost and effectiveness of foods and medicines to improve public health	The FDA provides APRN with rules and regulations relating to the most current data on foods and medications that are safe and effective to deal with patient’s health.	FDA establishes the guidelines for the use of drugs and medical devices in the treatment of patients with mental health.
3. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)	State	The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was a piece of federal legislation that mandated the establishment of national standards with the intention of preventing the disclosure of sensitive patient health information without the patient’s consent or knowledge. These standards were designed to protect the privacy of patients’ medical records.	Eliminate job-locking due to pre-existing medical issues by ensuring that health insurance is portable. Reducing healthcare fraud and misuse.	HIPAA ensures that APRNs keep patients’ information regarding their health confidential. HIPAA also created criminal penalties for the improper disclosure of patient’s information, so APRN must maintain patient’s privacy at all times and follow the appropriate steps when disclosing patient’s information to authorized individuals.	Acts such as HIPAA protect the privacy of patients’ medical records by establishing standards for how they may be shared. This ensures that patients with mental illness are entitles to their privacy regarding their health.
4. National Institutes of Health (NIH)	National and state	Contributes to the advancement of medical knowledge and treatment by conducting and funding healthcare research. The NIH also oversees the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases	Research causes and remedies for both common and uncommon illnesses. Work to uncover new methods of disease prevention.	Research carried out by the NIH helps the APRN gain knowledge about the most up-to-date treatments available for various conditions.	Research supported by the NIH help to enhance treatments of patients, including those with mental conditions.
5. Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)	National	Preventing and reacting to new infections is the main focus.	The agency is in charge of keeping track of diseases, birth deformities, and genetics, as well as passengers’ well-being and improving emergency response and readiness.	The CDC is one of the most important agencies in healthcare. They regulate treatment and identify protocols to deal with any and all illnesses. This is important to an APRN because they have to follow and abide by the rules set in place by the CDC for the treatments of various health conditions, for example, controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.	The CDC provides statistics regarding the effect of mental health in the United States. It also helps with policies regarding new treatments for mental conditions.

References

Furnival, J., Boaden, R., & Walshe, K. (2018). Assessing improvement capability in healthcare organisations: a qualitative study of healthcare regulatory agencies in the UK. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(9), 715-723.

Macrae, C. (2019). Reconciling regulation and resilience in health care. In Resilient health care (pp. 111-122). CRC Press.

Pesapane, F., Volonté, C., Codari, M., & Sardanelli, F. (2018). Artificial intelligence as a medical device in radiology: ethical and regulatory issues in Europe and the United States. Insights into imaging, 9(5), 745-753.

HEALTH REGULATORY AGENCIES

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Running head: HEALTH REGULATORY AGENCIES 1. HEALTH REGULATORY AGENCIES 7

The CDC is a national-level regulatory authority and fundamentally focuses on the prevention and response of emergent infections. However, it collaborates with various local, state, and international partners who help in achieving core objectives of monitoring and preventing disease outbreaks.

Again, they also cooperate in implementing various infection prevention measures and conserving national health statistics (Tappero et al., 2017). CDC also focuses on core strategic areas in the U.S. government, which include enhancing support to national and state-level healthcare divisions, improvement of global health, and the decrease of the core causes of death.

Other aspects involve strengthening the monitoring of emerging infections or conditions and epidemiology, and reformation of healthcare policies. Therefore, CDC is a firm advocate of essential public health legislation. The functions of the agency can help APRNs to identify practical methods of treatment or condition management in instances of emergencies concerning rare ailments.

Similarly, the CDC research and capabilities in dealing with complex and emerging diseases can be utilized to develop new pharmacological or alternative treatment approaches for individuals with rare mental or behavioral conditions.

Food and Drug Administration

FDA is a national-level controlling body. The institution has the mandate of inspecting, testing, approving, and setting the safety standards regarding foods, additives added to foods, drugs, chemical elements, cosmetic products, and devices in the healthcare sector. FDA maintains public health by assuring the safety of human drugs or other chemical or biological products.

The body also supports research and innovations aimed at enhancing the safety and cost-effectiveness of foods and medicine. Learning and comprehending the standards distinguished by the FDA would enable an APRN to understand various practical limits such as the controlled drugs that can be prescribed to patients. In the case of mental health care, FDA monitors pharmacotherapy drugs offered to patients to ensure safe medicines are administered.

United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

ATSDR is a national-level regulatory agency. The body is responsible for protecting the public against hazardous elements. ATSDR protects states and local communities from the adverse consequences associated with exposure to natural or human-made dangerous elements (Holler, 2013). The agency fulfills its objective through response to environmental health-related emergencies, investigation of developing ecological health threats, implementation of research regarding the public health effects of hazardous waste locations, and provision of practical guidance to states and local communities.

The purpose of the agency is relevant even to APRNs as it enables them to identify clear guidelines regarding the safe controlled substances that can be administered or prescribed during care. Again, the agency in mental care services ensures that patients are offered safe antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers.

Office of Health Care Quality

The division is a state-specific regulatory authority whose functions and mandates are limited to Maryland. The division is under the Maryland Department of Health, and its primary objective is to monitor the quality of care within the state’s medical institutions and community-oriented health programs. The regulatory authority offers licensure and certifications to medical institutions in the state. Licensure by the body allows facilities to operate in Maryland while certification focuses on authorizing amenities to engage in Medicare and Medicaid programs.

The body is important to APRNs as it assures them that the institution, they work in within Maryland is in line with set performance and compliance standards. The agency helps in ensuring that medical practitioners in mental health institutions possess the needed aptitudes and licensure.

The Joint Commission

The agency is not a federal division but acts as a national and state regulatory authority. They are involved in the accreditation of healthcare institutions dealing with intense or advanced care services (Chaffee, 2015). The agency establishes and monitors compliance with performance standards.

Again, the entity engages in recurrent monitoring of states’ legislative and regulatory processes to identify further opportunities for states’ reliance on its accreditations or certifications (Jha, 2018). A state can involve the Joint Commission as a central strategy of quality oversight processes. The accreditation process helps APRNs receive assurance that they are working in a conducive and quality-focused center.

In mental health care, the agency plays a critical role in reviewing, appraising, and monitoring the performance standards of psychiatric and rehabilitation centers.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

CMS is a state-operating controlling body under the U.S division dealing with healthcare and human services. The agency has authority over the provision of core federal medical initiatives like Medicare, Medicaid, and children’s insurance programs. CMS is directly involved in the collection and analysis of data and the development of study reports regarding federal insurance covers.

Again, eliminating incidences of fraudulent activities and abuse within state healthcare systems is another core task of the agency. By enhancing the number of adults and children having insurance covers, CMS enables patients to benefit APRNs’ theoretical and practical capabilities. CMS facilitates a vast number of mental or behavioral health patients to receive critical medical assistance through various insurance covers.

National Institutes of Health

The institution is the main governmental agency responsible for handling and supporting health-related research. Innovations, investigation, and discoveries influenced by the agency are critical in improving various areas of the medical practice and sector. The body is also responsible for investigating multiple therapy techniques or prevention measures.

They also evaluate emerging disease causative factors and related effective treatments. APRNs can benefit significantly from the research and innovations by the agency; thus, gaining knowledge or technologies to improve service. Research is also essential in mental care as it can influence new cognitive-behavioral or pharmacotherapy approaches.

Health Regulatory Agencies

Agency	Level of Authority	Scope of Regulatory Authority	Role	Relevance to APRN/DNP Graduate	Relevance to Specialty Area (Mental Health)
Center for Disease Control	National level	Primarily concentrates on preventing and responding to emerging infections. Also comprises the following bodies: a) Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee b) National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases	The agency is responsible for monitoring ailments, birth defects, and genetics, monitors the health of travelers, enhances emergency preparedness and responses (Tappero et al., 2017). The division also evaluates environmental health to identify probable risk factors. Focuses on vaccinations and immunization Advocates for suitable public health legislations (Tappero et al., 2017) Carries out research to improve prevention against infections	An APRN can recognize the functions of the CDC, which helps in identifying a suitable approach in cases of emergencies that involve rare infections	The CDC can be significant in developing new treatments for unique psychotic conditions and behavioral conditions
Food and Drug Administration	National Level	Focuses on regulations regarding the safety of foods and drugs	Protects the public through the assurance of safety and efficiency of human and veterinary drugs and other biological product It also monitors the safety of foods. Enhances public health by supporting research and innovation that enhances the safety, affordability, and efficacy of foods and medicine	Standards set by the agency help APRNs comprehend the controlled drugs that they are legally permitted to prescribe or administer	The agency ensures that patients with mental ailments are not subjected to harmful pharmacotherapy drugs
United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry	National Level	Offers regulation on the impacts of hazardous elements within public health spheres ((Holler, 2013).	Responsible for monitoring hazardous material The division responds to threats regarding hazardous elements by monitoring compliance to standards and educating the public regarding HAZMAT risks (Holler, 2013).	Helps APRNs identify controlled substances that are safe for patients and the situations for prescribing or administering the substances	Mental health patients are administered various drugs that could be antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and stimulants. Thus, the agency ensures that patients are not subjected to toxic substances.
Office of Health Care Quality	State Level	This is a division under health and mental hygiene, and it monitors care quality within Maryland	The agency is responsible for licensing and certifying Maryland’s medical facilities. It also monitors adherence to the state and national regulations that underscore the standards of care. Engages in research as a way of determining compliance in the state Uses conferences, written documents, and online platforms to educate and create awareness regarding the relevance of complying with health care requirements	The division ensures that APRN has suitable practice licensure	The division ensures that counselors, psychotherapists, and psychiatrists have necessary licensure to carry out mental health treatment (Chaffee, 2015)
The Joint Commission	National and State Level	Accrediting medical institutions that deal with high-quality standards	Set and monitors adherence to performance standards for medical institutions (Jha, 2018).	Institution accreditation by the Joint Commission assures an APRN that he or she is working in a conducive institution	The Joint Commission accredits the performance of psychiatric and rehabilitation institutions (Chaffee, 2015)
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services	State Level	Provides and monitors insurance covers such as Medicare and Medicaid It also monitors adherence to various acts such as the HIPAA and the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments.	The division is responsible for developing criteria of participation and for insurance coverage that medical institutions must fulfill to participate within the federal insurance programs	The agency enhances the number of people covered by federal insurance, which means the APRN can serve a broad range of patients	The division guarantees medical cover to patients dealing with mental health conditions
National Institutes of Health	National and state-level	Conducts and supports healthcare research, which influences discoveries and improvement of healthcare The institution also manages the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases	Engages in research to improve healthcare Investigates different approaches to preventing diseases by identifying causative factors and practical treatments for common and rare conditions The agency also offers leadership and funds research in the states	Research carried out by the institution is critical as APRN gain new knowledge or technologies to treat various conditions	Research supported by the agency enhances the treatment of patients with cognitive and behavioral conditions

References Chaffee, M. W. (2015). Policy & politics in nursing and health care (7 ed.). (D. J. Mason, D. B.Gardner, F. H. Outlaw, & E. T. O’Grady, Eds.) Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Holler, J. (2013). The emergency response program at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 46-47 Jha, A. K. (2018). Accreditation, quality, and making hospital care better. Jama, vol. 320, no. 23, pp. 2410-2411. Tappero, J. W., et al. (2017). US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners’ contributions to global health security. Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 23, no. (Suppl 1), pp. S5-S14.

Experience of working

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Reflecting upon the experience of working with your group, consider and make notes on which OB concepts from the list were evident in your experience, and then select three concepts on which to focus from the following – values, perception, diversity, group development, leadership, communication, and personality traits.

Describes how each OB concept you have selected was present in your group project experience, what you have learned through the experience of working with your group, and how you might apply this learning going forward in your career.

Agency Synopsis

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Regulatory agencies that regulate health

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Identify regulatory agencies that regulate health and the health care system within the US, create a table listing your 5 regulatory agencies and address the following:

1. Describe the agency, level of regulatory authority (local, state, federal), scope of regulatory authority, and role within the US healthcare system.

2. Address relevance of the organization or the organization’s authority to the APRN/DNP graduate.

3. Describe relevance to specialty area, area of practice, or setting of practice. For an example, mental health.

Problems that might arise throughout The course of a nurse’s work

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

With the wide variety of problems that might arise throughout the course of a nurse’s work, the profession requires a high level of expertise. Improving nursing practice may be achieved using by models such as middle-range nursing theories, which serve as a meeting place for the profession’s most cutting-edge researchers and practitioners.

For those constantly faced with difficulties, this may help them better grasp how to handle them. In addition, if nurses use these models, they may be able to better cope with stressful events in the workplace.

Mishel’s idea of sickness uncertainty is widely accepted as a middle-range hypothesis. This approach aims to improve patient care and outcomes by looking for treatment-related uncertainty. This paper discusses the components of Mishel’s theory of uncertainty in illness, the structural aspects, and the use of this theory in clinical practice. This paper also identifies the Intensive Care Unit as an area of practice that this theory could be applicable. Finally, the evaluation of Mishel’s theory of uncertainty in illness is also discussed.

Keyword: Mishel’s theory of uncertainty in illness, middle-range theory, nursing, ICU

1. Components of the theory

According to Mishel’s theory, the most critical factor is the generation of antecedent doubt. The three central concepts of the Theory of Uncertainty in Illness are “antecedents of uncertainty, appraisal of uncertainty, and coping with uncertainty” (Bailey, 2021, p.503). Uncertainty Antecedents are instances that take place prior to disease and have an impact on the patient’s inference; among them are pain and perception (Fitzpatrick, 2020).

Uncertainty Appraisal is used when putting a value on an ambiguous circumstance (Fitzpatrick, 2020). Managing uncertainty consists of the techniques or actions used to manage Uncertainty (Fitzpatrick, 2020). Mishel explained uncertainty as not being able to establish a connection between illness-related occurrences (Bailey, 2021). Uncertainty can arise due to several things, such as the severity of an illness, the treatment course, and how a particular disease affects an individual’s life’s goal (Bailey, 2021).

When a patient is unfamiliar with the experience, which is frequent in an inpatient setting, new stimuli related to the patient’s ailment might generate uncertainty. Suggestion frameworks, such as symptoms pattern, event familiarity, and congruence, are all examples of the antecedent that causes doubt (Bailey, 2021).

Practitioners may also be affected if their patients’ expectations do not match their actual experiences. The patient’s cognitive ability and the organizational structure of the nurses influence the analysis of illness-related stimuli. In other words, a patient’s ability to grasp triggers is enhanced by a strong cognitive capacity (Bailey, 2021). In addition, the structural provider impacts how the patient interprets inputs.

Patients’ perceptions and interpretations of inputs may be influenced by the actions of nurses, thereby reducing ambiguity (Bailey, 2021). Hospitals may better prepare for the unexpected by using patient boards and bedside shift reports, which can help patients feel more at ease throughout their hospital stay.

Philosophical doubt regarding disease diagnosis may arise from a person’s inability to classify illness-related experiences resulting from disinformation (Bailey, 2021). To reduce ambiguity regarding a new topic, philosophy urges practitioners to explain it in detail. For an investigation, disease theory’s uncertainty offers an appropriate and intellectual foundation that establishes the framework for determining the root cause of a particular illness.

Nurses may utilize this strategy to deal with problems that seem complex to others who aren’t in the medical profession.

2. Structural aspects of the theory

In 1988, nursing theorist Merle Mishel created the Uncertainty in Illness Theory (Fitzpatrick, 2020). This middle-range theory considers uncertainty as a cognitive stressor that sickness places on patients and their families (Fitzpatrick, 2020).

The notion of disease uncertainty is based on the idea of evaluating and dealing with the uncertainty of the condition. Mishel created the Uncertainty in Illness Scale, which assesses the degree of uncertainty in patients ranging from the patient’s illness to the treatment and understanding of the disease process (Bailey, 2021).

An assessment occurs when a cognitive process is used to discover the root cause of danger. The solution-finding process has just begun. An opportunity may be created by the mystery surrounding the disease’s genesis if it is seen as such.

The concept of coping is a fundamental part of sickness theory (Fitzpatrick, 2020). In order to effectively deal with stress, one must use both mental and physical strategies (Fitzpatrick, 2020). How people deal with the stress of illnesses affects their perceptions of ambiguity. People become more active when they see uncertainty as a threat. Nursing staff may turn to experts to assist patients in coping with the anticipation of a new condition. Consistently delivering Medication Administration Records to patients in the surgical ward, for example, is an easy way to provide comfort (Fitzpatrick, 2020). Incorporating patients within the treatment plan has reduced anxiety and preconceptions about common diseases in these facilities (Fitzpatrick, 2020).

3. Identify an area of your practice where this theory could be applicable

Patients’ homeopathic, psychological, and social complexity is considered when interpreting ambiguity in sickness in the intensive care nursing (ICU) context. With regards to the ICU, for example, this strategy aids with a patient’s knowledge of potentially complex circumstances. In sickness theory, uncertainty gives a framework for understanding how to analyze a condition, such as patients recovering from a cardiac arrest. Mishel’s theory of uncertainty of illness can help providers obtain answers from patients regarding their illness by asking how much they understand about the disease process, how the disease affects their lives, and if they believe they will get better (Bailey, 2021).

This theory has been moved from research to practice by many clinicians. By utilizing the uncertainty theory, nurses were able to identify patients’ fears of participating in physical activities due to vague physical symptoms post-cardiac arrest (Fitzpatrick, 2020). By using this theory to assess patients’ uncertainty, nurses were able to educate patients on how physical activity is vital for their health and provide appropriate interventions that will benefit the patient (Fitzpatrick, 2020).

This theory is appropriate and applicable for practice. Mishel’s theory can guide nurses in helping patients understand and cope with their uncertainty in illnesses (Bailey, 2021). Adapting this theory in practice can only help nurses aim for the best patient outcome.

Nurses understand that a disease is more than just a physical condition and that physiological health is just as important as physical health. Using this theory to help patients cope and understand their disease process will help improve patient outcomes in the clinical settings.

One of the strengths of Mishel’s theory of uncertainty is that it allows practitioners to assess a patient’s uncertainty while also selecting the best interventions that will help improve both physical and physiological doubts that patients experience during times of sickness (Fitzpatrick, 2020). ICU nurses benefit greatly from uncertainty in sickness theory because it helps them build coping strategies that reduce ambiguity when confronted with a new situation.

4. Use of theory in clinical practice

The Theory of Uncertainty in Illness has become an important subject in clinical practice. Research by Fernandez-Araque et al., looked at how nurses deal with ambiguity in various conditions by this model (2020). According to the findings of this study, nurses who develop coping skills based on the uncertainty in sickness theory may improve the quality of life of their patients (Fernandez-Araque et al., 2020).

Furthermore, this study proved that Mishel’s theory is a valuable tool for nurses and the interdisciplinary team as it allows for early identification of doubts and planned interventions, which will help reduce uncertainty and improve patient outcomes (Fernandez-Araque et al., 2020).

5. Evaluation of theory

It is clear from this example that nursing practice relies heavily on the idea of sickness. Nurses may use the model to help them better understand how to treat a new ailment, which in turn determines the kind of action they can take to manage it better. Risks can be reduced by selecting the optimum coping mechanism for each situation, and this technique helps practitioners do just that (Bora & Buldukoğlu, 2021). This one has advantages and disadvantages in terms of a nursing paradigm.

When faced with a new situation, choosing an acceptable coping method is one of the most challenging things to do (Bora & Buldukoğlu, 2021). When faced with a novel situation, practitioners may be unable to determine the most effective way to deal with it, leading them to dread the consequences (Bora & Buldukoğlu, 2021). As a result, nurses must be educated on how to carry out this notion in hospitals.

Nurses given the proper training in this area may find it easier to put the notion into practice. There will be a push to use the model, which is a way to deal with everyday and emerging issues that can be applied across a wide range of healthcare settings.

References

Bailey, D. E. (2021). Illness Uncertainty at 40. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 43(6), 507–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945921989236

Bora, S., & Buldukoğlu, K. (2021). Using the Uncertainty in Illness Theory to provide care for the caregiver: A case report. Journal Of Psychiatric Nursing, 11(1), 70-77. http://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2019.44365

Fernandez-Araque, A., Gomez-Castro, J., Giaquinta-Aranda, A., Verde, Z., & Torres-Ortega, C. (2020). Mishel’s Model of Uncertainty Describing Categories and Subcategories in Fibromyalgia Patients, a Scoping Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(11), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113756

Fitzpatrick J. J. (2020). The Value of Uncertainty. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 34(4), 150-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.025

Power to make changes at work to increase productivity

August 18, 2022/in Assignment Help /by Daphne Hanson

Sean was about to be promoted to a new position as “Department Manager” within his company. He often worked back late for no extra pay to complete special projects and put together new ideas. He was the most skilled and innovative employee in the department. He also knew that his company was concerned with increasing profits and it’s employee’s attitudes towards the company. He was excited that he would now have the power to make changes at work to increase productivity.

At home that night, Sean prepared to write a memo to his employees wanting to share his aspirations for his department.

Please answer the following questions in detail:

What should Sean say in his memo?
What results is he likely to achieve by writing this memo?
List Sean’s strengths and weaknesses in his new supervisory role.
Do you believe Sean will be successful in improving the staff’s attitude towards the company? Why?
Do you believe Sean will have a lot of power as a supervisor? Why?

How a Market force affects the health care industry

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Relationship between personal integrity and Ethical leadership

The Responsibilities of public health

HEALTH REGULATORY AGENCIES

Experience of working

Agency Synopsis

Regulatory agencies that regulate health

Problems that might arise throughout The course of a nurse’s work

Power to make changes at work to increase productivity

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