Coding Guidelines

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To ensure knowledge of Coding Guidelines, we will be focusing on them on a weekly basis. Remember, ICD-10-CM Coding Guidelines are located in the front of your book. This week, we will focus on Conventions and general coding guidelines. It is imperative that you begin committing coding guidelines to memory. Please read the following scenarios and find the coding guidelines and state the ENTIRE coding guideline that provides coding directions on how to code the scenario. Task(s): Example: When locating a code in the ICD-10-CM book, is it correct to look up the code in the alphabetic index only? Yes or No? State the Coding Guideline instructing you how to look up (locate)codes in the ICD-10-CM book. 1. Locating a code in the ICD-10-CM To select a code in the classification that corresponds to a diagnosis or reason for a visit documented in a medical record, first locate the term in the Alphabetic Index, and then verify the code in the Tabular List. Read and be guided by instructional notations that appear in both the Alphabetic Index and the Tabular List. It is essential to use both the Alphabetic Index and Tabular List when locating and assigning a code. The Alphabetic Index does not always provide the full code. Selection of the full code, including laterality and any applicable 7th character can only be done in the Tabular List. A dash (-) at the end of an Alphabetic Index entry indicates that additional characters are required. Even if a dash is not included in the Alphabetic Index entry, it is necessary to refer to the Tabular List to verify that no 7th character is required. Your Questions: 1. The Physician (patient’s provider states that the patient is obese, but never stated the patient’s body mass index of 45; however, the Registered Dietician states the BMI of 45. Are we able to code the BMI (body mass index) from the Registered Dietician’s documentation? Yes or No? Please state the entire coding guideline that supports your response. 2. Parentheses (), Brackets [}, and colons: are used in our coding books. Please document the entire Coding convention which explains what both mean. 3. What’s the maximum number of characters an ICD-10-CM code may have? If after looking the code up, you find that the code if in a certain ICD-10-CM category in which the applicable 7th character is required, what should you do? Please state the coding convention that applies. 4. Patients to the hospital with a severe headache, and after having an MRI of the brain done, it is found that the patient has a malignant brain tumor. The doctor documents, “Headache due to malignant brain tumor”. Should you code signs and symptoms if a definitive has been established?

Health literacy

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I need help with these 3 discussions

 

1st discussion

More women now die of heart disease than men, yet cardiovascular research has long focused on men. Watch the following video.

1. Create a Discussion Post to answer the following question: (5 points)

  • Why are symptoms different for women during a heart attack?
  • Why are they often missed?

2nd discussion

As we have learned more about the environmental impacts on your personal health this week, I think you will find the following video interesting.

1. After watching post your thoughts on the following to the discussion board: (5 points)

  • The topic in the video
  • The places you have lived and what type of environmental issues to which you may have been exposed.

3rd discussion

1. Provide answers to the 2 questions below in a Discussion Post. (5 points)

  • Provide the definition of health literacy from the assigned reading. (a direct quote from the reading is fine)
  • In your own words, explain the importance of health literacy and possible problems associated with a lack of health literacy.

Nursing research article

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Students will select one nursing research article that focuses on a study that used Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring as a theoretical framework. Students should use as a guide, an appropriate Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist found in Melnyk 8: Fineout-Overholt (2019; pp. 708-722). The critiques are to be informal, although correct grammar, spelling, etc., are expected. The critique should include a brief description of the study that was reviewed and should address elements of the study relevant to the critique. Students will provide a written critique on a critical appraisal of the elements relevant to the nature of the research study such as type of study, design, quality of the study; and rationale, as well as implications for practice and further

Issues facing physicians

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One of the major issues facing physicians today, which is leading to the current physician shortage, is that of rising medical malpractice insurance premiums and a large increase in frivolous lawsuits that have prohibited many from practicing medicine altogether. Further, in 1st Corinthians Chapter 6, Paul writes about the issue of lawsuits. Given Pauls’s admonition against lawsuits among believers, can and should this same principle be considered in dealing with medical malpractice (tort) reform and lawsuits brought against doctors? Why or why not? Support your position with scripture and faith integration.

Public health issue

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In New Zealand, 93% of bikers wear bicycle helmets, compared to about 50% in the
United States. During the 1970s, helmet use was an innovation that coincided with a
boom in bicycle riding, but initially was adopted by very few cyclists. This was changed
in New Zealand in the late 1980s, mostly due to the dissemination efforts of Rebecca
Oaten after her son, Austen, suffered permanent brain damage in 1986 after being hit by a
car while en route to school on his bicycle. Mrs. Oaten’s communication channels
included talking to children in schools and lobbying the government for a helmet law.
Implementation of the law was finally accomplished in 1994 and has now resulted in the
diffusion of helmet-wearing to nearly all of the population. What factors (e.g., methods,
contributions from multiple professions, and public health systems) need to be
quantitatively investigated to significantly increase the use of helmets in the US? Please
formulate two research questions to explore these factors, within the context of the theory
you selected for this scenario.

1)    Briefly describe the public health issue presented in each of the scenario  above and the theoretical framework or model you have chosen to apply to address this public health issue. Examples of theories to choose from (Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Theories of Organizational Change, Social Cognitive Theory, and Socio-Ecological Model.)

2) Develop two quantitative research questions.

 

3) Explain how the chosen theory applies to your research questions (i.e., what is the relationship between the theory and the research questions).

4) Analyze the strengths and limitations of applying theories or models to public health issues. Include at least two strengths and at least two limitations of applying the chosen theory or model to address the public health issue presented in the scenario.

5) Support your response with at least two peer-reviewed articles, less than five years old. Properly cite/reference using the APA 7th edition.

Information from the film

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If you could share one piece of information from the film Straight/Curve: Redefining Body Image with a friend, classmate, coworker, or family member, what would that be? Why do you think it is so important for people to hear about that part of the film? What was most surprising to you from the film? Why do you think you were surprised by this, and why might it stick with you later? The film was centered around a “diverse” fashion shoot that would showcase many different models. Do you think that photoshoot was diverse enough? If so, explain your answer. If not, who was not represented in that shoot, and why would it be important to include them?

Effects of the ACA and MACRA

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Briefly:
-Identify the effects of the ACA and MACRA on
future hospital role and Operations
-Provide details of the major components
and functions of the ambulatory care
system in the context of the overall
delivery system.
– Review major developments in the
evolving ambulatory care system with
respect to physicians, hospitals and
consumers.
– Highlight ambulatory care initiatives of the
ACA.
analyze and reflect upon the above content, then, think about how you think this information will be helpful to you, what you appreciate learning, what the content is boring (describe why), or simply something you do not agree with(and that is OK). If you disagree or something bothers or excites you about the content, share that as part of your reflection.

systematic review

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Read the abstract below and answer the questions that follow:

Musa J., Achenbach C.J., O’Dwyer L.C., Evans C.T., McHugh M., Hou L., Simon M.A., Murphy R.L., & Jordan N. Effect of cervical cancer education and provider recommendation for screening on screening rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0183924. doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0183924.

BACKGROUND: Although cervical cancer is largely preventable through screening, detection, and treatment of precancerous abnormalities, it remains one of the top causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review is to understand the evidence of the effect of cervical cancer education compared to control conditions on cervical cancer screening rates in eligible women population at risk of cervical cancer. We also sought to understand the effect of provider recommendations for screening to eligible women on cervical cancer screening (CCS) rates compared to control conditions in eligible women population at risk of cervical cancer.

METHODS: We used the PICO (Problem or Population, Interventions, Comparison, and Outcome) framework as described in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook to develop our search strategy. The details of our search strategy have been described in our systematic review protocol published in the International Prospective Register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO).   The protocol registration number is CRD42016045605 available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?src=trip&ID=CRD42016045605. The search string was used in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of controlled trials to retrieve study reports that were screened for inclusion in this review. Our data synthesis and reporting were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We did a qualitative synthesis of evidence and, where appropriate, individual study effects were pooled in meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3 Review Manager. The Higgins I2 was used to assess for heterogeneity in studies pooled together for overall summary effects. We did an assessment of the risk of bias of individual studies included and assessed the risk of publication bias across studies pooled together in a meta-analysis by Funnel plot.

RESULTS: Out of 3072 study reports screened, 28 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in qualitative synthesis (5 of which were included in a meta-analysis of educational interventions and 8 combined in a meta-analysis of HPV self-sampling interventions), while 45 were excluded for various reasons. The use of theory-based educational interventions significantly increased CCS rates by more than double (OR, 2.46, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.21). Additionally, offering women the option of self-sampling for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing increased CCS rates by nearly 2-fold (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.22). We also found that invitation letters alone (or with a follow-up phone contact), making an appointment, and sending reminders to patients who are due or overdue for screening had a significant effect on improving participation and CCS rates in populations at risk.

CONCLUSION: Our findings support the implementation of theory-based cervical cancer educational interventions to increase women’s participation in cervical cancer screening programs, particularly when targeting communities with low literacy levels. Additionally, cervical cancer screening programs should consider the option of offering women the opportunity for self-sample collection particularly when such women have not responded to previous screening invitations or reminder letters for Pap smear collection as a method of screening.

Q: Is the reference in AMA format?

The protocol registration number is CRD42016045605 available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?src=trip&ID=CRD42016045605. The search string was used in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of controlled trials to retrieve study reports that were screened for inclusion in this review. Our data synthesis and reporting were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We did a qualitative synthesis of evidence and, where appropriate, individual study effects were pooled in meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3 Review Manager. The Higgins I2 was used to assess for heterogeneity in studies pooled together for overall summary effects. We did an assessment of the risk of bias of individual studies included and assessed the risk of publication bias across studies pooled together in a meta-analysis by Funnel plot.

RESULTS: Out of 3072 study reports screened, 28 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in qualitative synthesis (5 of which were included in the meta-analysis of educational interventions and 8 combined in the meta-analysis of HPV self-sampling interventions), while 45 were excluded for various reasons. The use of theory-based educational interventions significantly increased CCS rates by more than double (OR, 2.46, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.21). Additionally, offering women the option of self-sampling for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing increased CCS rates by nearly 2-fold (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.22). We also found that invitation letters alone (or with a follow-up phone contact), making an appointment, and sending reminders to patients who are due or overdue for screening had a significant effect on improving participation and CCS rates in populations at risk.

CONCLUSION: Our findings support the implementation of theory-based cervical cancer educational interventions to increase women’s participation in cervical cancer screening programs, particularly when targeting communities with low literacy levels. Additionally, cervical cancer screening programs should consider the option of offering women the opportunity for self-sample collection particularly when such women have not responded to previous screening invitations or reminder letters for Pap smear collection as a method of screening.

Q: Is the reference in AMA format?

What type of article is this?

What was the purpose of this article?

Specific contribution(s)

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Select one of the following and describe its specific contribution(s) to the creation of laws and regulations that empower the FDA as a regulatory agency:

 

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

 

(b) Elixir of Sufanilamide

 

(c.) Thalidomide.

 

Part 2:

Discuss how specifically the FDA regulates the availability of drugs, devices, and biological products to the public. In this context distinguish between laws, regulations, and guidance.

Community Medical’s

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Using McKee’s environmental assessment, what are Community Medical’s most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis)?

Identify an analyze Community Medical’s most important strategic issues. In what ways should Community Medical’s strategic issues determine its strategic marketing plan?

What key issues should McKee and her teammates emphasize to position Community Medical and promote it to service area physicians, patients, payers, and the general public?

After completing the environmental assessment—including the SWOT analysis and summary of strategic issues—Chadwick, McKee, and Community Medical leadership must develop business and operating plans to advance the organization’s strategic initiatives. Identify the elements of effective marketing plans.

 

Use three academic resources for in text citations