The collection, interpretation, and dissemination of data is an important component of community health as highlighted in Chapter 3. We learned of the various ways of collecting data and displaying it for the general public to analyze. In order to implement successful community health programs that will make an impact, we must collect data from various sources to see how extensive the problem is in the community and subsequently design, implement, and evaluate community health programs to address the problem.

For this week’s discussion forum post I would like for you to search for data sets from the County of Orange, State of California, and United States health databases for one of the following diseases.

1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3. Mental Health
4. Cancer
5. COVID-19

Find the prevalence rate, incidence rate, and mortality rate for your selected disease at the county, state, and federal levels. Also identify who is impacted the most by your selected disease (ethnic group, seniors, children, etc..) Please summarize your findings and provide any charts or other visual aids to present the data you collect.

The European researchers found that increasing total fruits and vegetables by 66 grams/day reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by __________ percent.

The American study found that eating at least one additional serving of whole grain cold breakfast cereal per day lowered the risk of type 2 diabetes by __________ percent.

Both studies used a large number of subjects. The study had 158,259 women and 36,525 men. Why is having a large number of participants important in research?

The Nurses’ Health Study and its offshoots (Nurses’ Health Studies II and III) have been generating data for over 40 years! Information from their participants was used by the American researchers. These studies are both longitudinal and cohort. Define both of these terms about scientific research, and discuss their usefulness.

Bob is 65 years old and recently retired. He is visiting his primary care provider for his annual physical. When Bob’s provider asks if there are any concerns, Bob lets him know that he is always having to urinate. He is even getting up during the night, and it’s beginning to affect his sleep. The provider’s order for the laboratory work states the frequency of micturition and nocturia. Assign the appropriate code(s) for this condition.

Case: You are treating a 44-year-old man with intermittent dull pain localized to the back with some radiation to the left buttock. The pain started 7 months back when he was picking up a box from the floor. The pain is made worse by extended driving and vigorous activity. Physical examination reveals diminished trunk and pelvic region muscle strength and endurance. He has no lower extremity weakness or sensory loss, no fever and does not have altered bowel and bladder control. His pain limits his ability to do yard work and recreational basketball, which he enjoys. He is very anxious about his pain, and would like to get back to both of those activities.

1. Based on the guideline, select 1 examination tool and 1 outcome measure you would use for this patient.  justify choice of tools and describe which ICF category each tool belongs in.

2.Based on the guideline, select 1 intervention you would use for this patient.  Justify your choice by summarizing the strength of the evidence supporting the use of this intervention.

https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/FINAL_ALL_LBP_CPG_Revision_Decision_Tree_2021.pdf

Head and spine injury, along with the long-term effects of concussion of football players, is a very controversial health issue. As a result, the news has been covering this health issue, with many headlines involving famous NFL players. It has been assumed that this has made most Americans that follow football more aware of the risks involved in playing the game. However, we have not seen a decline in the number of young boys, ages 8-10, that are joining football leagues.

For this age group to take part in playing football, these young boys need to have the permission of a parent or guardian to play, which demonstrates the adult’s support of their participation. Given the risks to these young boys’ health, we wonder why would parents allow or even encourage their children to play football.

Using what you know about qualitative research, briefly explain (one page):

1. How would you design a qualitative research study, to gain an understanding of why parents allow their children to play football?
2. If you would use triangulation (and which type of triangulation), and if so why?