Which of these is a cognitive influence on pain

Which of these is a cognitive influence on pain that can be used

Positive emotions usually decrease perceived pain. The cognitive factors attention, expectancy and appraisal can either increase or decrease pain experiences depending on their specific focus and content. Many brain regions are involved in nociceptive processing and bringing pain into awareness.

Which of these is a cognitive influence on pain that can be used to help reduce pain?

Group of answer choices

directing attention away from pain

 

accurate expectations

 

having a positive emotional state

 

all of the listed answers are correct