Secondary xylem and phloem tissue

Vascular cambium creates secondary xylem and phloem tissue forms a protective cap covering the apical meristem of root tips is responsible for producing leaves transports carbohydrates and water between the roots and the leaves

The root apical meristem is protected as it passes through the soil by an outer region of living parenchyma cells called the root cap. As the cells of the root cap are destroyed and sloughed off, new cells are added by a special internal layer of meristematic cells called the calyptrogen