Methods to investigate possible criminal activity

/in /by

Law enforcement officers use two methods to investigate possible criminal activity: reasonable suspicion and probable cause. Reasonable suspicion means officers have a reasonable belief, sometimes called a hunch, that criminal activity may have occurred. They have no hard evidence to support their belief.

Probable cause is more concrete. Probable cause means officers are not just suspicious that criminal activity has occurred; they think it’s likely, or probable, that criminal activity has taken place. Many times reasonable suspicion may evolve into probable cause. This is not always the case, however.

Initial contact between an officer and a subject often involves reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. This is a two-part assignment. Be sure to complete both parts.

Instructions

Part 1

In Part 1 of this assignment you are required to write a one- to two-page narrative in which you:

  • Distinguish between reasonable suspicion and probable cause.
    • Be sure to illustrate your distinctions between these two terms with examples.
  • Develop a checklist with a series of questions to ask when assessing reasonable suspicion Versus probably cause (for example, What drew your attention to this particular person?).
Part 2

In Part 2 of this assignment, you are required to examine the 10 scenarios contained in the Reasonable Suspicion Versus Probable Cause Template [DOCX].

  • Note: The first scenario is completed for you as an example to guide your work on the remaining nine scenarios.

For each scenario in the template:

  1. Determine whether reasonable suspicion or probable cause applies to each scenario.
  2. Justify your determinations.
  3. Use three sources to support your writing.
    • Choose sources that are credible, relevant, and appropriate.
    • Cite each source listed on your source page at least one time within your assignment.

The Null and alternative hypotheses

/in /by

 

For this assignment, you will read a few example studies and try to figure out the null and alternative hypotheses, and what the type I and type II errors would be in those situations.

Here’s an Example to give you an idea about what you’ll be doing: A researcher is interested in testing whether a new therapy for adolescent depression works to reduce depression.  He measures depression before and after the therapy and he expects depression levels to decrease after therapy.

Hypotheses:

Null Hypothesis: H0: depression after therapy 

 depression before therapy (in other words, depression is the same or worse after therapy than it was before therapy);

Alternative Hypothesis: H1: depression after therapy < depression before therapy (in other words, depression is lower after therapy than it was before). This hypothesis is directional

· Type I error: The researcher concludes that depression decreases after therapy, when in reality depression is the same or worse after therapy (in other words, the researcher concludes that the therapy works to reduce depression, when in reality it did not!).

· Type II error: The concludes that depression levels are the same after therapy, when in reality they get better (in other words, the researcher concludes that the therapy did not work to reduce depression, when in reality it did!)

For some questions, you’ll get to choose from multiple choice options. For others, you’ll have to write out our own response.

 

 

Question 1

Scenario A. The manager at Dunder-Mifflin Paper Company interested in understanding if a company’s employee benefits increase employee satisfaction. In 2020 the company implemented a new benefits package that included optional benefits such as childcare, eldercare, and retirement packages. The manager compares the employee satisfaction ratings from before and after the new benefits package was implemented and expects that satisfaction will be higher after the new package is implemented.  What is the null hypothesis for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

H0: satisfaction before the new package is implemented > satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H0: satisfaction before the new package is implemented

satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H0: satisfaction before the new package is implemented  = satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H0: satisfaction before the new package is implemented

satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H0: satisfaction before the new package is implemented < satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

Flag question: Question 2

Question 2

Scenario A. The manager at Dunder-Mifflin Paper Company interested in understanding if a company’s employee benefits increase employee satisfaction. In 2020 the company implemented a new benefits package that included optional benefits such as childcare, eldercare, and retirement packages. The manager compares the employee satisfaction ratings from before and after the new benefits package was implemented and expects that satisfaction will be higher after the new package is implemented. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario? Pay attention to whether it is directional or non-directional 

Group of answer choices

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented

satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented < satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented

satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented > satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented = satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

H1: satisfaction before the new package is implemented = satisfaction after the new package is implemented

 

Flag question: Question 3

Question 3

Scenario A. The manager at Dunder-Mifflin Paper Company interested in understanding if a company’s employee benefits increase employee satisfaction. In 2020 the company implemented a new benefits package that included optional benefits such as childcare, eldercare, and retirement packages. The manager compares the employee satisfaction ratings from before and after the new benefits package was implemented and expects that satisfaction will be higher after the new package is implemented.  What would be a type I error for this scenario? See the example question for guidance! 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flag question: Question 4

Question 4

Scenario A. The manager at Dunder-Mifflin Paper Company interested in understanding if a company’s employee benefits increase employee satisfaction. In 2020 the company implemented a new benefits package that included optional benefits such as childcare, eldercare, and retirement packages. The manager compares the employee satisfaction ratings from before and after the new benefits package was implemented and expects that satisfaction will be higher after the new package is implemented.  What would be a type II error for this scenario?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flag question: Question 5

Question 5

Scenario B. A researcher is interested in studying whether a new app can help improve first graders’ reading skills. She recruits two first grade classes from a local elementary school: classroom 1 uses the app for 30 minutes each day and classroom 2 does not use the app. She compares their reading ability at the end of the school year and expects reading ability to improve in the group that used the app. Is this a directional or non-directional hypothesis? 

Group of answer choices

 

Non-Directional

 

Directional

 

Flag question: Question 6

Question 6

Scenario B. A researcher is interested in studying whether a new app can help improve first graders’ reading skills. She recruits two first grade classes from a local elementary school: classroom 1 uses the app for 30 minutes each day and classroom 2 does not use the app. She compares their reading ability at the end of the school year and expects reading ability to improve in the group that used the app. What is the null hypothesis for this scenario?

 

 

 

Flag question: Question 7

Question 7

Scenario B. A researcher is interested in studying whether a new app can help improve first graders’ reading skills. She recruits two first grade classes from a local elementary school: classroom 1 uses the app for 30 minutes each day and classroom 2 does not use the app. She compares their reading ability at the end of the school year and expects reading ability to improve in the group that used the app. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario? 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flag question: Question 8

Question 8

Scenario B. A researcher is interested in studying whether a new app can help improve first graders’ reading skills. She recruits two first grade classes from a local elementary school: classroom 1 uses the app for 30 minutes each day and classroom 2 does not use the app. She compares their reading ability at the end of the school year and expects reading ability to improve in the group that used the app. What would be a type I error for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were the same for the group that used the app and for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were the same for both groups.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were higher (better) for the group that used the app than for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills better for the group that used the app.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were the same for the group that used the app and for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were better for the kids who used the app.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were higher (better) for the group that used the app than for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were the same or worse for the kids who used the app.

 

Flag question: Question 9

Question 9

Scenario B. A researcher is interested in studying whether a new app can help improve first graders’ reading skills. She recruits two first grade classes from a local elementary school: classroom 1 uses the app for 30 minutes each day and classroom 2 does not use the app. She compares their reading ability at the end of the school year and expects reading ability to improve in the group that used the app What would be a type II error for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were the same for the group that used the app and for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were the same for both groups.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were higher (better) for the group that used the app than for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were the same or worse for the kids who used the app.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were higher (better) for the group that used the app than for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills better for the group that used the app.

 

The researcher concludes that reading skills were the same for the group that used the app and for the group that did not use the app, when in reality the reading skills were better for the kids who used the app.

 

Flag question: Question 10

Question 10

Scenario C. David sees an ad for a new kind of running shoe that promises to improve speed when running short distances. He decides to test this out. He compares his speed when running a mile with the new shoes to his speed when running a mile in the old shoes. His goal is to test whether the new shoes help him run faster.

Is this a directional or non-directional hypothesis?

Group of answer choices

 

Directional

 

Non-Directional

 

Flag question: Question 11

Question 11

Scenario C. David sees an ad for a new kind of running shoe that promises to improve speed when running short distances. He decides to test this out. He compares his speed when running a mile with the new shoes to his speed when running a mile in the old shoes. His goal is to test whether the new shoes help him run faster. What is the null hypothesis for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

H0: David will run the mile faster in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H0: David will run the mile slower in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H0: David will run the mile in the same amount of time or faster in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H0: David will run the mile in the same amount of time the new shoes as with his old shoes.

 

H0: David will run the mile in the same amount of time or slower in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

Flag question: Question 12

Question 12

Scenario C. David sees an ad for a new kind of running shoe that promises to improve speed when running short distances. He decides to test this out. He compares his speed when running a mile with the new shoes to his speed when running a mile in the old shoes. His goal is to test whether the new shoes help him run faster. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

H1: David will run the mile at a different speed in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H1: David will run the mile in the same amount of time or faster in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H1: David will run the mile in the same amount of time or slower in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H1: David will run the mile in the same amount of time new shoes as with his old shoes.

 

H1: David will run the mile faster in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

H1: David will run the mile slower in the new shoes than with his old shoes.

 

Flag question: Question 13

Question 13

Scenario C. David sees an ad for a new kind of running shoe that promises to improve speed when running short distances. He decides to test this out. He compares his speed when running a mile with the new shoes to his speed when running a mile in the old shoes. His goal is to test whether the new shoes help him run faster.  What would be a Type I error for this scenario?

p

0 words

 

Flag question: Question 14

Question 14

Scenario C. David sees an ad for a new kind of running shoe that promises to improve speed when running short distances. He decides to test this out. He compares his speed when running a mile with the new shoes to his speed when running a mile in the old shoes. His goal is to test whether the new shoes help him run faster. What would be a type II error for this scenario?

p

0 words

 

Flag question: Question 15

Question 15

Scenario D.  A researcher is interested in examining if the amount of money spent on groceries purchased via Amazon Prime has changed in the last 2 years. Should we test this using a directional or non-directional hypothesis?

Group of answer choices

 

Non-Directional

 

Directional

 

Flag question: Question 16

Question 16

Scenario D.  A researcher is interested in examining if the amount of money spent on groceries purchased via Amazon Prime has changed in the last 2 years.  What is the null hypothesis for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

H0: The amount of money spent on groceries has not changed in the last 2 years.

 

H0:  The amount of money spent on groceries has increased or stayed the same in the last 2 years.

 

H0:  The amount of money spent on groceries has decreased or stayed the same in the last 2 years.

 

H0:  The amount of money spent on groceries has changed in the last 2 years.

 

H0:  The amount of money spent on groceries has increased in the last 2 years.

 

H0: The amount of money spent on groceries has decreased in the last 2 years.

 

Flag question: Question 17

Question 17

Scenario D.  A researcher is interested in examining if the amount of money spent on groceries purchased via Amazon Prime has changed in the last 2 years. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has changed in the last 2 years

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has not changed in the last 2 years.

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has decreased in the last 2 years.

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has decreased or stayed the same in the last 2 years.

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has increased or stayed the same in the last 2 years.

 

H1: The amount of money spent on groceries has increased in the last 2 years.

 

Flag question: Question 18

Question 18

Scenario D.  A researcher is interested in examining if the amount of money spent on groceries purchased via Amazon Prime has changed in the last 2 years. What is a type I error for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries is the same as it was 2 years ago, when in reality it has changed.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries has changed, when in reality it is not the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries is the same as it was 2 years ago, when in reality it is the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries has changed, when in reality it is the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

Flag question: Question 19

Question 19

Scenario D.  A researcher is interested in examining if the amount of money spent on groceries purchased via Amazon Prime has changed in the last 2 years. What is a type II error for this scenario?

Group of answer choices

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries is the same as it was 2 years ago, when in reality it is the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries has changed, when in reality it is not the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries has changed, when in reality it is the same as it was 2 years ago.

 

The researcher concludes that the amount of money spent on groceries is the same as it was 2 years ago, when in reality it has changed.

 

 

The Codes of ethics of the National Human Services Organization

/in /by

After reviewing the codes of ethics of the National Human Services Organization, the American Counseling Association, and the National Association of Social Workers address the following questions with examples from the codes of ethics:

  1. What are the major ethical principles of human services that these organizations all share within their codes and why are these principles important for human services work?
  2. How do issues of diversity, cultural differences, and multiculturalism fit into these codes of ethics? Describe how these organizations incorporate cultural differences of clients into their codes.
  3. After reviewing these codes of ethics what would you say are the primary roles and responsibilities of human services agencies and providers?

You must support your response with scholarly sources in APA format.  Simply stating your opinion is not enough, back up your opinion with citations.  Refer to the DB Grading Rubric for more details.

Different Disadvantaged groups

/in /by

Share with classmates three different disadvantaged groups you are thinking of using for your written assignments:

1. Why did you choose these groups?

2. Share one interesting or surprising fact about each of your groups.

3. Describe one resource you found most helpful as you began research for the first written assignment.

When replying to other classmates help them narrow down their choices to one.

You must support your response with scholarly sources in APA format.  Simply stating your opinion is not enough, back up your opinion with citations.  Refer to the DB Grading Rubric for more details.

Ethical Dilemmas in Research Assignment Instructions

/in /by

Discussion: Ethical Dilemmas in Research Assignment Instructions. You have learned the federal ethical guidelines regarding research in your CITI course training as well as the ethical standards set forth by the American Psychological Association. However, your personal ethics and worldview also shape how you interpret the standards in our field.

In complex real-life scenarios, professionals may differentially weigh threats to our professional ethics code that result in various outcomes. Carefully weighing multiple options prevents one from making rash, unprofessional decisions. This Discussion: Ethical Dilemmas in Research Assignment aims to help you develop and reflect on professional ethics and values related to research.

 

Instructions: Thread

1. Read the current APA Code of Conduct (2017). (Required sections: Preamble, General Principles, Section 3.10, and all of Section 8: Research and Publication).

 

2. Read the following ethical dilemmas and select the one most relevant to your personal and/or professional interests to complete this Discussion: Ethical Dilemmas in Research Assignment. Note: the following scenarios were modified from a publication written by Hammersley and Traianou (2012) for the British Educational Research Association.

 

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct

· Ethics

Including 2010 and 2016 Amendments

Effective date June 1, 2003 with amendments effective June 1, 2010 and January 1, 2017. Copyright © 2017 American Psychological Association.

 

a. As a graduate student researcher, you want to investigate racist hiring practices. However, you are concerned that unless you disguise the focus of inquiry, you may not be able to truly assess these practices.

b. When studying educational challenges when working with special needs students, you are confronted by a young adult with severe learning difficulties who demands to be included in the research project along with fellow members of the class, even though her parents have already refused on her behalf. The young adult is 18 years old.

c. In writing up the results on a study of three local preschool nurseries for publication, you realize that the analysis is likely to be interpreted by parents and the local media as suggesting that one of these nurseries is far inferior. However, there were several beneficial aspects of that nursery not quantified as part of the initial study, and that information is not available from the other two nurseries to analyze.

d. During the course of investigating induction processes in a military training establishment, you witness what appeared to be severe bullying of a new recruit by two of the staff. If you interfere you may jeopardize your data collection and integrity of your research.

 

3. Using the one scenario you selected, compose a professional letter as if you were a graduate student currently faced with the dilemma. Write a professional letter to your graduate research advisor discussing the hypothetical situation (scenario) and how you think it should be handled. Make sure to include the following:

a. A professional salutation and tone throughout the letter.

b. Briefly describe the scenario.

c. Describe two ethically viable responses for consideration. For each response, include:

· the principle from the APA Code of Conduct that is most at stake and your rationale

· cite at least one ethical standard from the APA Code of Conduct (using both the number and its title – for instance 1.01 Misuse of Psychologists’ Work) and discuss its relevance

d. This means, in total you must have at least two ethically valid ways to respond with a total of at least two principles and two ethical standards as support, with a personally written justification of your selections.

e. Include citations throughout your letter and a complete reference section at the end of your letter using current APA style format.

· Minimum number of references: 1 (the APA Code of Ethics)

 

Your topic thread must be at least 400 words.

 

 

Instructions: Replies

Reply to at least two of your classmates’ threads:

· No quotes are allowed – paraphrase, put information into your own words, and cite appropriately using current APA formatting conventions

· Address all required components for maximum points

· Your two replies must be 200 words each

Content

For each reply, respond as if you were the research advisor for the graduate student seeking advice. Make sure to include all the following components:

· Did the graduate student adequately justify two ethically viable responses to the dilemma? If not, what is missing?

· Select the solution you feel is the best response (it can be one of the proposed solutions or you can come up with your own).

· Include at least one citation to justify your response (APA Ethics Code, Federal regulations, and/or Bible).

· Create a Reference section for all citations using current APA style format (1 entry minimum).

Format

· All replies must incorporate at least 1 in-text citation to the APA Ethics Code and a Reference section.

· Replies to your peers should be thoughtful, educated, and professional.

· Avoid unsubstantiated opinions or claims, personal comments, or general comments such as the following, which will result in loss of points:

· “Great job on your introduction / discussion post,”

· “I totally agree with everything you said,”

· “Good luck in the rest of the class,” etc.

 

Make sure to check the Discussion Grading Rubric before you start the Discussion: Ethical Dilemma in Research Assignment.

Please see the Discussion: Ethical Dilemma in Research resources under the Discussion: Ethical Dilemma in Research page.

 

References

Hammersley, M. and Traianou, A. (2012) Ethics and Educational Research, British Educational Research Association on-line resource. Retrieved from http://www.learnersfirst.net/private/wp-content/uploads/Ethics-and-Educational-Research.pdf

 

Page 2 of 2

Work Breakdown Structure

/in /by

Create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the following scope: Requirement 1:  3 bedrooms

  1. Requirement 2:  2.5 bathrooms
  2. Requirement 3:  Pool
  3. Requirement 4:  2 patios, one patio should be enclosed

Your WBS should be based upon your chosen Life Cycle Methodology and include any deliverables

APA format 500 words.

Best Entry-Level Job Sites for College Graduates

/in /by

Read:  Polner, E. (2020, September 17). “8 Best Entry-Level Job Sites for College Graduates and New Alumni in 2020” The Balance Careers. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/best-entry-level-job-sites-2058517

Reflect on the required readings and on the research you have done for this course thus far as well as the experience you have had at your internship.  Consider where you see yourself professionally three years from now and the steps you will take to get there.  Make sure your final goal and your steps to reach it are as specific and realistic as possible. Please use the following questions to guide your journal response. The content from this response will be integrated into your final presentation.

  • What position do you see yourself holding three years from now?
  • Will you be employed at the same organization where you got your first job after graduation or somewhere else?  How might your role or responsibilities have changed in three years? Are there other professional activities, leadership roles, service engagements that you hope to be engaged in at this point in your career?
  • What steps do you need to take in order to obtain your three-years out position? Be as specific as possible in defining these steps!  You might consider:
    • Are there other jobs you will need to have before you can hold this position (if so, which)?
    •  Do you have to complete more school or certifications?

Submission guidelines:

  • Your journal should be approximately 300-350 words in length and should address each question in the assignment directions.
  • Incorporate at least one resource into your response, using APA format.
  • Please refer to the rubric associated with this assignment for detailed guidance about expectations and grading.
  • Please submit this assignment through D2L by the date and time indicated on your syllabus.

Comprehensive Health Assessment Form

/in /by

Comprehensive Health Assessment Form. Health History (5 pts total)

Biographical data: (1 pts)

No name or initial required

Age: ________ Marital status: ____M _____ S _____Sep. ____Cohab.

Birth date: _____________________ Number of dependents: ___________________

Educational level: ________________________ Gender: _____F _____ M _____Other

Occupation (current or, if retired, past): ___________________________________​​​​___

Ethnicity/nationality: _____________________

Source of history (who gave you the information and how reliable is that person): _______________________________________________________________________

Present health history: (4 pts)

Current medical conditions/chronic illnesses:

Current medications:

Medication/food/environmental allergies:

Past health history: (10 pts total)

Childhood illnesses: Ask about history of mumps, chickenpox, rubella, ear infections, throat infections, pertussis, and asthma.

Hospitalizations/Surgeries: Include reason for hospitalization, year, and surgical procedures.

Accidents/injuries: Include head injuries with loss of consciousness, fractures, motor vehicle accidents, burns, and severe lacerations.

Major diseases or illnesses: Include heart problems, cancer, seizures, and any significant adult illnesses.

Immunizations (dates if known):

Tetanus _______ Diphtheria ________ Pertussis ________ Mumps ________

Rubella _______ Polio _____________ Hepatitis B ______ Influenza _______

Varicella ______ Other ____________________________________________

Recent travel/military services: Include travel within past year and recent and past military service.

Date of last examinations:

Physical examination _________ Vision ___________ Dental ___________

Family History (Genogram) (10 points)

Mother/Father/Siblings/Grandparents: include age (date of birth, if known), any major health issues, and, if indicated, cause and age at death Present as a genogram.

Review of Systems (12 points total) Be sure to ask about symptoms specifically.

General health status (1 pt): Ask about fatigue, pain, unexplained fever, night sweats, weakness, problems sleeping, and unexplained changes in weight.

Integumentary (1 pt):

Skin: Ask about change in skin color/texture, excessive bruising, itching, skin lesions, sores that do not heal, change in mole. Do you use sun screen? How much sun exposure do you experience?

Hair: Ask about changes in hair texture and recent hair loss.

Nails: Ask about changes in nail color and texture, splitting, and cracking.

HEENT (2 pts):

Head: Ask about headaches, recent head trauma, injury or surgery, history of concussion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness.

Neck: Ask about neck stiffness, neck pain, lymph node enlargement, and swelling or mass in the neck.

Eyes: Ask about change in vision, eye injury, itching, excessive tearing, discharge, pain, floaters, halos around lights, flashing lights, light sensitivity, and difficulty reading. Do you use corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses)?

Ears: Ask about last hearing test, changes in hearing, ear pain, drainage, vertigo, recurrent ear infections, ringing in ears, excessive wax problems, use of hearing aids.

Nose, Nasopharynx, Sinuses: Ask about nasal discharge, frequent nosebleeds, nasal obstruction, snoring, postnasal drip, sneezing, allergies, use of recreational drugs, change in smell, sinus pain, sinus infections.

Mouth/Oropharynx: Ask about sore throats, mouth sores, bleeding gums, hoarseness, change voice quality, difficulty chewing or swallowing, change in taste, dentures and bridges.

Respiratory (1 pt):

Ask about frequent colds, pain with breathing, cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, wheezing, night sweats, last chest x-ray, PPD and results, and history of smoking.

Cardiovascular (1 pt.):

Ask about chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, edema, coldness of extremities, color changes in hands and feet, hair loss on legs, leg pain with activity, paresthesia, sores that do not heal, and EKG and results.

Breasts (1 pt.): (Remember men have breasts too)

Ask about breast masses or lumps, pain, nipple discharge, swelling, changes in appearance, cystic breast disease, breast cancer, breast surgery, and reduction/enlargement. Do you perform BSE (when and how)? Date of last clinical breast examination, and mammograms and results.

Gastrointestinal (1 pt.):

Ask about changes in appetite, heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pain, nausea/vomiting, vomiting blood, jaundice, change in bowel habits, diarrhea, constipation, flatus, last fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy and results.

Genitourinary (1 pt.):

Ask about pain on urination, burning, frequency, urgency, incontinence, hesitancy, changes in urine stream, flank pain, excessive urinary volume, decreased urinary volume, nocturia, and blood in urine.

Female/male reproductive (1 pt.):

Both: Ask about lesions, discharge, pain or masses, change in sex drive, infertility problems, history of STDs, knowledge of STD prevention, safe sex practices, and painful intercourse. Are you current involved in a sexual relationship? If yes, heterosexual, homosexual,, bisexual? Number of sexual partners in the last 3 months. Do you use birth control? If yes, method(s) used.

Female: Ask about menarche, description of cycle, LMP, painful menses, excessive bleeding, irregular menses, bleeding between periods, last Pap test and results, painful intercourse, pregnancies, live births, miscarriages, and abortions.

Male: Ask about prostate or scrotal problems, impotence or sterility, satisfaction with sexual performance, frequency and technique for TSE, and last prostate examination and results.

Musculoskeletal (1 pt.):

Ask about fractures, muscle pain, weakness, joint swelling, joint pain, stiffness, limitations in mobility, back pain, loss of height, and bone density scan and results.

Neurological (1 pt.): Ask about pain, fainting, seizures, changes in cognition, changes in memory, sensory deficits such as numbness, tingling and loss of sensation, problems with gait, balance, and coordination, tremor, and spasm.

Psychosocial Profile (10 pts)

Health practices and beliefs/self-care activities: Ask about type and frequency of exercise, type and frequency of self examination, oral hygiene practice (frequency of brushing/flossing), screening examinations (blood pressure, prostate, breast, glucose, etc.)

Nutritional patterns: Ask about daily intake (24 hour recall) and appetite.

Functional Ability: Ask if able to perform activities of daily living such as dressing, bathing, eating, toileting and instrumental activities of daily living like shopping, driving, cooking.

Sleep/rest patterns: Ask about number of hours of sleep per night, whether sleep is restful, naps, and use of sleep aids.

Personal habits (tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, and drugs): Ask about type, amount, and years used.

Environmental history: Identify environment as urban/rural, type of home (apartment, own home, condo)

Family/social relationships: Ask about significant others, individuals in home

Cultural/religious influences: Identify any cultural and religious influences on health.

Mental Health: Ask about anxiety, depression, irritability, stressful events, and personal coping strategies.

Now answer the question below: (3 pts)

Using the instructions below, identify 1 physical strength, 1 psychosocial/cognitive strength, and 1 weakness in either category. State why you think this to be true.

With the information you collected, you can begin developing an idea of a client’s weakness and strengths. What is a strength? This might be that a person’s nutritional status appears to be excellent. It may be that there is no impairment of mobility. They may have lots of friends with them so be socially active. What is a weakness? This might be that a person does have impaired mobility or perhaps imbalanced nutrition – more than or less than body requirements. It might be that they have a communication issue that you note or perhaps seem to have a depressed mood, seem alone/isolated.

Policies in Environmental health

/in /by

There are several intervention and prevention strategies used to implement policies in environmental health. These policies’ effectiveness are often questioned.

For the Unit VI Case Study, identify an environmental health issue in your community. After selecting the environmental health issue, address the issues below in your case study.

· Explain the background of the environmental health issue.

· Discuss how this issue is affecting the community members.

· Examine the current policies in place to address the environmental health issue.

· Discuss the pros and cons of the current policy.

· Analyze the current intervention and prevention strategies used to correct the problem.

· Discuss the pros and cons of the intervention and prevention strategies.

Your case study must be a minimum of three pages in length, not counting the title and reference pages. To support your ideas, use a minimum of two outside sources. Additionally, use a source that focuses on your community (such as a newspaper or journal article).

Remember that all written assignments must be formatted using APA Style, especially in-text citation and references.

 

 

The Unimportance of international organizations and institutions

/in /by

Contrary to the realist perspective about the unimportance of international organizations and institutions in an anarchical international order, states as the primary actors do establish international organizations. Provide reasons why states prefer to establish IOs and what role do international institutions and organization have? [Base your argument on theoretical perspectives in favor of IO and on empirical evidence or examples.]

 

 

2. How do international organizations contribute to the generation of norms and to the establishment of international regime? Structure your essay based on the constructivist approach in International Relations and refer to empirical evidence that support the constructivist response to the question.

 

 

3. How do states design international organizations and why do they comply with the rulings of the international organizations?

 

 

4. The International Monetary Fund is one of the key international organizations of the global political economy. What role does the IMF play in the international political economy and to what extent is it autonomous from great powers such as the U.S.?

 

 

5. What are the implications and effects of the transformation of international organizations and institutions for global governance?