Essentials of Reflective Practice

 

DNP Reflective Journal Template. The Essentials of Reflective Practice Comment by Formatting Notes: The Reflective Essay should be formatted according to APA 7th edition. GENERAL FORMAT RULES: The essay’s font must be 12-point Times New Roman typeface, double-spaced on quality standard-sized paper (8.5″ x 11″) with 1-inch margins on the top, bottom, and right side. To set this in Word, go to: Page Layout > Page Setup> Margins > Custom Margins> Top: 1” Bottom: 1” Left: 1” Right:

1” Click “Okay” Page Layout> Orientation> Portrait> NOTE: All text lines are double-spaced. The first line of each paragraph is indented 0.5 inch.

Student Name

Grand Canyon University

DNP: XXX

Date Comment by Formatting Notes: Comment by Formatting Notes: Course Assessment: Your reflective journal will contribute to your final grade for this subject and guide your comprehensive assessment in the DNP course. The criterion for assessment is the satisfactory completion of the task, i.e. making regular entry as required. The outcome of this exercise is personal reflection and evaluation

 

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The following reflection essay is an attestation of the nurse scholar’s acquisition of the course objectives of Grand Canyon University’s (GCU) Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program for DNP-XXX (Enter the Course #) and the competencies set forth by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing’s (AACN) Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice (American Associations of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). From scientific underpinnings to project completion, the AACN Essentials provide the core competencies for all nurses seeking a Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree. Comment by Formatting Notes: PLEASE READ: General Instructions for the Reflective Entries Provide an introduction and prepare the reader for what this reflection paper is about. Make sure to use a scholarly approach and not use first person e.g. do not use me, I, you. The first section has no header or title. Please do not copy this word for word. This is an example of how you can begin your reflection introduction and prepare the reader for the content.

For this reflective journal, analyze your own professional practice/skills/responses to provide a reflective summary that describes how the experiences in this course have personally enabled the DNP student to approach, attempt, or attain these competencies in his or her current course. Provide an introduction paragraph for this reflective essay to organize the essay for the reader. Use a scholarly approach (i.e., third person) in writing the reflective journal. This assignment is designed to help you think deeply about your learning and how you have achieved the competencies established by the AACN Essentials. Share your approach to learning, the resources used, and the strategies explored to achieve your personal learning goals. For more information, see the example Reflective Essay in the Appendix. Comment by Formatting Notes: See the example in the Appendix

Submit your Reflective Journal in the course drop box, and upload to the Typhon Tracking System under the corresponding course section. Learners must submit this deliverable in Typhon and LoudCloud. Failure to submit in both locations can result in an Incomplete for the course.

Reflection Comment by Formatting Notes: Provide an Introduction After the introduction, provide your position in a scholarly manner on how your work in this course has approached or achieved the competencies aligned to the AACN Essentials of Doctoral Education of Advanced Nursing Practice. After the introduction, begin the reflection with a Level 1 heading, centered, bold.

Grand Canyon University’s DNP-XXX course prepared this DNP learner to do what? What have you discovered about your professional practice, personal strengths, and weaknesses that surfaced while taking the course, additional resources, and abilities that could have influenced more optimal learning outcomes?

Is there a structure to this Reflective Journal? This journal is an exploration of personal learning experiences as a doctoral learner pursuing life-long learning. Each week describe a situation or experience which can be reflected upon as important or worth writing about. Describe your approach, feelings, or thoughts about the situation or experience. Explain what you have observed in terms of the DNP Essentials and DNP course objectives. What did you expect, learn, or decide about the experience?

Go to the DC Network and look at the DNP Essentials located in the Reflection Journal Template Folder. Reflect on these essentials and discuss at least three domains that align your experience with what you learned in the course and support your claim on how you accomplished them. Comment by Formatting Notes: Of the eight competencys of DNP nursing education, which ones do you feel you accomplished in this course? Address at least three in your reflection. For each competency/domain, use the domain as the Levell 2 heading as in the example. Essential I: Scientific Underpinnings for Practice Essential II: Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Improvement and Systems Thinking Essential III: Clinical Scholarship and Analytical Methods for Evidence-Based Practice Essential IV. Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Health Care Essential V. Health Care Policy for Advocacy in Health Care Essential VI. Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health Outcomes Essential VII. Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving the Nation’s Health Essential VIII. Advanced Nursing Practice

Conclusion Comment by Formatting Notes: DO NOT COPY this is an example only, re-write your own conclusion 🙂

The purpose of this DNP-XXX Reflection was to provide exemplars of the methods used to fulfill GCU’s course objectives and achieve the competencies outlined in the AACN’s Essentials by this DNP student. The DNP learner used the weekly required readings and learning activities, supplemental readings, scholarly discussions, and project updates to solidify these competencies and outcomes. Ethical considerations, project implementation, leading collaborative teams using IT, researching the internet for a variety of resources, and creating a project PowerPoint presentation was integral to the achievement of learner competencies.

 

References

American Association of College of Nursing. (2012, January 3). The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. Retrieved from American Association of College of Nursing: https://www.aacnnursing.org/About-AACN/Who-We-Are/Staff-Directory Appendix

 

 

 

 

© 2022. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus and Direct Practice Improvement Project

THE TEN STRATEGIC POINTS 2. The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus and Direct Practice Improvement Project

Marian Alli

Grand Canyon University

DNP-815A Scientific Underpinnings

Professor Suzanne Kronsberg

May 29, 2022.

10 Strategic Points Document for a Quality Improvement Project

Ten Strategic Points

The 10 Strategic Points
Title of Project1) Title of Project

Coping with Mental Health Issues: Suicide Prevention Among Adolescents & Young Adults

Background

Theoretical Foundation

Literature Synthesis

Practice Change Recommendation

2) Background to Chosen Evidence-Based Intervention:

List the primary points for six sections.

i) Background of the practice problem/gap at the project site

The challenge of mental health has become a problem for the adolescents and young people in the society. The issue of mental health is a problem that an individual only understands, and it becomes a problem for the family and parents to notice it early. Suicide among teenagers and young adults is one of society’s most pressing issues right now. Many young people take their own lives because they lack self-confidence, faith in their own abilities, and a foundation of life experiences. Despite this, it is difficult to prevent teen suicides even when the primary causes are understood, because other factors often play a role. Researchers must first examine the causes of suicide ideation and attempts among teenagers in order to determine whether such support can help reduce suicide rates and rates (Patterson, 2016). The young people are finding it difficult in handling mental health issues that affect their productivity. Most of the adolescents and young people are in school that is either high school or college and education is another cause of the mental health issue. Students gets it challenging in balancing their social life and education making them become depressed since their parents have a high expectation from them academically.

ii) Significance of the practice problem/gap at the project site

Several factors contribute to the suicide of adolescents and young adults. However, none of these factors is more important than the stress that young people face today. Furthermore, teenagers are under constant strain and pressure. The speed of modern life is a major stressor for many young people, despite the fact that psychologists say it could be anything. The romanticized portrayal of suicide is a major factor in the suicides of many young people. Many young people don’t seem to care about the fact that suicide is a death sentence. In other words, young people see suicide as a way to express themselves or to make others feel sorry for their mistakes. It’s important to remember that teenagers are prone to rash decisions, and that’s why suicide is often committed in this setting. Teenagers are influenced by suicides that are widely publicized, and as a result, an alarming number of “copy-cat” suicides among children has been documented. Thoughts of ending one’s own life are common in many mental health conditions. Many young people who take their own lives are suffering from severe mental illness. Suicide is frequently accompanied by depression, behavioral issues, and eating disorders. Self-directed violence has also been linked to violence against others by researchers. A teen’s mental health is frequently harmed as a result of a suicide attempt. It is reasonable to assume that a young person who has previously attempted suicide will do so again very soon (Torcasso & Hilt, 2017). On the other hand, a failed suicide attempt may lead to an attitude of gratitude for the life that has been given to you. The negative impact of suicide on one’s peers is also well-documented, as numerous suicides are carried out one right after the other. Suicide warning signs include falling grades, disciplinary issues, and skipping school. These are just a few of the warning signs. The most effective way to prevent this problem is to teach stress management skills to young people. Aside from being aware of suicide warning signs, parents should pay more attention to their children’s emotional health. Parental support is essential for teenagers who are dealing with adolescence’s many challenges (Torcasso & Hilt, 2017). This does not deter teenagers from taking their own lives; they will find ways to do so regardless of the circumstances. Many young people, on the other hand, consider suicide as a last resort but do not intend to take their own life. It is possible to save these children. Statistics show that half of all teenagers who take their own lives do so using firearms that their parents have in the house. As a result, the most important prevention tip is to keep guns out of sight. Suicidal thoughts are brief, lasting only fifteen minutes on average. Learning about mental health issues and suicide prevention among the young people and adolescents is an important move towards addressing the challenge where awareness and educating the youth is undertaken after understanding the challenge in detail.

iii) Theoretical Foundations (choose one nursing theory and one evidence-based change model to be the foundation for the project):

This research will necessitate the acceptance of a number of theories that can aid in the comprehension of the problem being examined. The research will rely heavily on theories relating to stress and suicide. Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior by Joiner is an important part of this study. It consists of three main parts (factors that may make an individual to commit suicide). The first component is the burden that an individual perceives to have. A person may feel he or she is under too much pressure from society, family members, or friends as a result of these factors. A person’s well-being may be jeopardized if he or she is under the constant strain of meeting the material needs of the family or the demands of the workplace. Perceived burdens can be real or fictitious according to Patterson (2016). The most important factor is the individual’s perception of the responsibility and expectations that society places on him or her. When a person is overburdened, it is dangerous if they fall into a state of despair. An additional risk factor is a sense of social alienation, which can be characterized by a lack of belonging (Torcasso & Hilt, 2017). The individual believes that society no longer cares about them and that they must come up with their own solutions. When a person loses their fear of suicide, the third component is complete. Suicide may be an option for someone who believes it is the only way to end their suffering (Patterson, 2016). In Klonsky and May’s (2015) research, a person who has all three feelings can easily commit suicide. To them, life has no value, and they believe that the only solution is death.

In healthcare organizations, there are a variety of models for achieving change. The PDSA model’s four steps plan, do, study, and act will be used to effectively implement the DAP project’s activities, which include community/adolescent education, community presentations to increase awareness of depression, and teaching positive coping. The DAP program will be led by a team of school nurses, parents, teachers, and teenagers in the “plan” step. Its responsibilities will include designing the project’s goals, researching the present prevalence of depression and psychiatric treatment among adolescents in the community, and generating educational content and tools. To help guide the process, a study of the teens’ understanding of depression and its symptoms will be done. The following phase, the “Do” stage, is where a program is actually implemented. Public education, encouraging adolescent expression of emotions through painting, and teaching coping strategies will all be part of the DAP program. The evaluation or review of the program falls under the “Study” step. The return on investment, required adjustments, and potential adverse effects are just a few of the aspects that are looked at. “Act” is the final phase in the PDSA process. It comprises a thorough examination of the project’s objectives and outcomes. Preventive efforts, adolescent satisfaction with care and privacy, and an increase in help-seeking behavior in this demographic will all be indicators of this program’s effectiveness.

iv) Create an annotated bibliography using the “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies (APA 7th)” located in the Student Success Center. https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center-content/documents/writing-center/preparing-annotated-bibliographies-apa7-mla8-turabian9.pdf utilizing the five (5) original research articles that support the evidence-based intervention. This will be the foundation of the Literature Synthesis you will have to do in DNP-820A.

May, A. M., & Klonsky, E. D. (2016). What distinguishes suicide attempters from suicide ideators? A meta-analysis of potential factors. Clinical Psychology (New York, N.Y.), 23(1), 5-20.  https://doi.org/ 10.1111/cpsp.12136

Researchers conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the most recent research to determine whether the suicide rate in the United States has increased or decreased. According to the researchers, there is a lot of study on suicidal risk, but only a handful of these studies have been able to uncover valid risk variables. However, even well-known risk indicators, such as hopelessness, failed to reliably predict the likelihood of suicide thoughts and actions. The conclusions of this study are at odds with established theories and practices of prevention. Additionally, the researchers discovered that most studies compared the risk factors and features of those who had attempted suicide to those who had not attempted suicide. They conclude that in order to completely comprehend the significance of suicide risk and predicting factors, future study should examine those who have tried suicide vs those who have had suicidal ideation.

Barber, C. W., & Miller, M. J. (2014). Reducing a suicidal person’s access to lethal means of suicide: A research agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(3 Suppl 2), S264-S272.  https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.028

Most of the suicide prevention efforts that have been focused on reducing availability to means of suicide have focused on reducing the toxicity of car exhaust (e.g., carbon monoxide) as well as stopping the Romanization of suicide. Death by suicide and lethality of means are linked, according to the findings of researchers. Studies indicated that 30% of those who had contemplated taking their own life experienced a period of intense contemplation lasting around an hour. In addition, they discovered that 90% of those who attempted it did not do it again. To prevent suicide in the United States, the researchers suggest limiting the availability of fatal tools.

Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Simonetti, J. A., & Rivara, F. P. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions to promote safe firearm storage. Epidemiologic Reviews, 38(1), 111-124.  https://doi.org/ 10.1093/epirev/mxv006

Researchers conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the most recent studies on the effectiveness of limiting access to firearms as an intervention strategy. Nearly every study used some sort of counseling 8, and much research used family practice or pediatric clinic visits to convey the information. Families without firearms in the house received risk information and prevention methods, while families with firearms received the same. Many of these initiatives also provided access to gun locks and safes at a greatly reduced or free rate. Free means-reduction storage devices had the highest success rate, according to the study’s findings. There may be a need for more devices per household if half or more of gun owners have several firearms, the researchers discovered.

Litteken, C., & Sale, E. (2017). Long-term effectiveness of the question, persuade, refer (QPR) suicide prevention gatekeeper training program: Lessons from Missouri. Community Mental Health Journal, 54(3), 282-292.  https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10597-017-0158-z

Pre- and post-tests from Question, Persuade, and Refer (QPR) in Missouri were examined by Litteken and Sale. The researchers wanted to test their theory that QPR is an effective gatekeeper training that has long-term benefits on participants. After taking both post-tests, participants exhibited a better understanding of warning flags. This conclusion, according to the researchers, implies that knowledge of QRP’s efficacy as an intervention hasn’t deteriorated significantly over time. When compared to their prior self-reported data, the researchers also found that the number of adults who reached out to kids increased. Despite these encouraging results, the team was unable to draw any conclusions about the relationship between post-test one and post-test two due to the limited sample size.

Connell, A. M., McKillop, H. N., & Dishion, T. J. (2016). Long-term effects of the family check-up in early adolescence on risk of suicide in early adulthood. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(S1), S15-S22.  https://doi.org/ 10.1111/sltb.12254

Research-based program Family Check-Up (FCU) aims to empower parents by identifying their strengths and matching services to existing issues. In a three-session classroom context, motivational interviewing is used. In order to work with school employees, FCU has a tier-based system (IE family resource center staff). According on the results of the assessment, 6th grade students were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: a general FCU, a more focused FCU, or a family management treatment group. The students were reassessed at ages 18-19 and 28-30 by the research team. During youth and the early years of adulthood, the researchers found a drop in the suicide risk. Researchers found that broad-based family interventions can reduce risk factors for suicide and other behavioral health difficulties experienced by youth.

v) Summary of the findings written in this section.

The adolescents need to be protected from worsening of mental health as this will impact greatly on their adulthood or end up committing suicide. There is need to do screening of mental health at preliminary stages in order to be able prevent worsening. Prevention and intervention in early stages are main areas that when implemented will reduced the impacts.

Problem Statement3) Problem Statement:

It is not known if the implementation of suicide prevention awareness and education would impact mental health and suicide cases among the adolescents and young people.

PICOT to Evidence-Based Question4) PICOT Question Converts to Evidence-Based Question:

In the adolescent population with mental health issues, how does Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool impact in-patient referrals to the mental health department for over 9 weeks?

The PHQ-9 process will be conducted before the intervention from mental health department and after the intervention and this is done for two weeks that is one week before and another week after mental health intervention.

Sample

Setting

Location

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

5) Sample, Setting, Location

i. Sample and Sample Size: The sample of the population involved are 10 mental health patients who are adolescents and 5 counselors. The participants are subjected into patient health questionnaire-9 and the process would take two weeks. The first week is filling the questionnaire before intervention and another week questionnaire after the intervention.

i) Setting: A community center setting would be targeted.

ii) Location: Rural locations in Arizona State where they are equally distributed.

iii) Inclusion Criteria

· Who can participate? Adolescents and counselors

iv) Exclusion Criteria

· Who cannot participate: Any other person

Define Variables6) Define Variables:

i) Independent Variable (Intervention): Therapy/counseling

ii) Dependent Variable (Measurable patient outcome): mental health

Project Design7) Project Design:

Improvements in patient care are the primary goal of quality improvement initiatives, although research findings need not be immediately implemented into clinical practice. A research is needed to be conducted to ascertain an issue of concern and quality improvement is getting evidence that ensure that the topic of interest is improved.

Purpose Statement8) Purpose Statement:

The purpose of this quality improvement project is to determine if the implementation of therapy/counseling intervention would impact the mental health well-being among the adolescents. The project was piloted over a nine-week period in a rural setting within Arizona state.

Data Collection Approach9) Data Collection Approach:

i) You will need data on your participants’ demographic information (example: age, gender, educational background, ethnicity….etc.). What instrument would you use to measure this? (Will you use a pre-made Likert Scale? An Excel Spreadsheet?)

I would use the Excel spreadsheet in collecting the demographic information and measuring them.

ii) You also need data on the measurable patient outcome. What instrument will you use (survey, electronic health records, instrument) to obtain this data and how is it determined to be valid and reliable.

I would use the survey instrument in measuring the patient outcome and the data is determined to be valid or reliable by involving healthcare experts and also using the 15 participants that is enough in getting credible data.

iii) For the instruments used to measure data provide the reliability and validity (psychometric studies) for each.

The survey instrument is reliable in a manner that the data that is collected can be reproduced, and this is done by using structured format. Spreadsheet is known for its effectiveness, reliability and valid in data collection and analysis.

iv) Describe the step -by-step process you will use to collect the data, explain where the data will come from, and how you will protect the data and participants.

I would first conduct the strategic sampling technique where I would target the 10 mental health patients in Arizona State where 5 counselors are selected coming to a total of 15. The mental health patients are then subjected to a questionnaire assessment where each offers the appropriate time for the activity and then fill the questionnaire and the total time allocated for the process is two weeks for all participants and each would take minutes to fill. The information is collected through questionnaire technique where they fill the questionnaire and the detailed information written in spreadsheet for measure. The data is then stored is a well secured computer in an encrypted format and a copy is sent to the cloud.

v) Discuss potential ethical issues pertaining to your project. Ethical Considerations in Human Research Protection (i.e., confidentiality vs anonymity of the data, informed consent, and potential conflict of interest.)

Immediately after the participants accepted to be part of the project, they are required to sign the informed consent form showing that they have agreed to share the data. The informed consent also assure that participants about their confidentiality. It is within the participant ethical right to have the date secured and confidentiality and privacy offered. There should be no potential conflict of interest for the researcher and participant.

vi) Discuss how you will adhere to the principles of the Belmont Report (respect, justice, and beneficence) in the project design, sampling procedures, within the theoretical framework, clinical problem, and clinical questions.

I would analyze the Belmont report and make sure that all the requirements are adhered to in the research study.

Data Analysis Approach10) Data Analysis Approach:

How will you analyze the participants’ descriptive, demographic information? What statistical analysis will be used to prepare the results?

I would analyze the descriptive data and the demographic information using descriptive statistical approach and demographic analysis.

What type of data analysis will be needed to analyze the measurable patient outcomes? What statistical test will be used? (I.e., chi-square, paired t-test, Wilcoxon…)

I would use the chi-square method.

Will you use Intellectus, Laerd Statistics, or a statistician?

I would use the statistician method since it is appropriate.

Discuss the potential Bias and Mitigation of the data.

The potential bias of the data is that the participants might give misleading information, especially the demographics. The approach to mitigate the challenge is to have a range that a given data is expected to fall for the purpose of having reproducible data.

ReferencesBarber, C. W., & Miller, M. J. (2014). Reducing a suicidal person’s access to lethal means of suicide: A research agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(3 Suppl 2), S264-S272.  https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.028

Connell, A. M., McKillop, H. N., & Dishion, T. J. (2016). Long-term effects of the family check-up in early adolescence on risk of suicide in early adulthood. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(S1), S15-S22.  https://doi.org/ 10.1111/sltb.12254

Klonsky, E. D., & May, A. M. (2015). The three-step theory (3ST): A new theory of suicide rooted in the “Ideation-to-action” framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8(2), 114-129.  https://doi.org/ 10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114

Litteken, C., & Sale, E. (2017). Long-term effectiveness of the question, persuade, refer (QPR) suicide prevention gatekeeper training program: Lessons from Missouri. Community Mental Health Journal, 54(3), 282-292.  https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10597-017-0158-z

May, A. M., & Klonsky, E. D. (2016). What distinguishes suicide attempters from suicide ideators? A meta-analysis of potential factors. Clinical Psychology (New York, N.Y.), 23(1), 5-20.  https://doi.org/ 10.1111/cpsp.12136

Patterson, S. (2016). Suicide risk screening tools and the youth population. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 29(3), 118-126.  https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jcap.12148

Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Simonetti, J. A., & Rivara, F. P. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions to promote safe firearm storage. Epidemiologic Reviews, 38(1), 111-124.  https://doi.org/ 10.1093/epirev/mxv006

Torcasso, G., & Hilt, L. M. (2016). Suicide prevention among high school students: Evaluation of a nonrandomized trial of a multi-stage suicide screening program. Child & Youth Care Forum, 46(1), 35-49.  https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10566-016-9366-x

 

 

 

 

I, Marian Alli, verify that I have completed and logged 10 clock hours in association with the goals and objectives for this assignment. I also have tracked said practice immersion hours in the Lopes Activity Tracker for verification purposes and will be sure that all approvals are in place from my faculty and practice immersion preceptor/mentor before the end of the course.

 

15

Secular and Academic settings

By far, the type of writing that we encounter, both in secular and academic settings, fall into the category of being “informational/Observatory”. The intent of research writing is different – research writing is usually centered around advancing understanding of a topical problem/issue, and for a “community”.

Research writings, therefore, leverage the work of prior research or it opens a discussion around a current topic. In either case, such writings follow a streamlined format that is familiar to researchers. This format, typically, contain components such as: Title,   Abstract,   Introduction,   Method,   Results,   Future Works, etc. (see example research paper under this week’s   Learning Materials section). The purpose of your assignment this week is for you to examine components of a   research article and to identify guidelines for conducting critical analyses of published works. The knowledge gain here should be applied when completing your Week 3 research writing assignment.

As you complete any writing assignment it is a good idea to proof read your work and use the University Writing Center to help with APA formatting; both will assist in minimizing grammatical errors and improve conducting research writing. Your Assignment:

  1. Find a research article – mobile technology preferred; but any technology topic is acceptable. A research effort is usually placed in the context of a “business problem” that can be understood in terms of carefully designed research questions; this allows for maximum research, understanding, and participation around resolving the problem.
  2. Write a three – five (3-5) page paper that evaluates the research article you found – your paper should be: typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. See hand-outs provided on graduate and APA style research papers.

Evaluate criteria – notice what research components (Title, Abstract, Method, etc.) are used in the article you found (see the article ” Guidelines for Evaluating a Research” in this week’s  Learning Materials section)

  1. State the name of the article you found and that is being evaluated and who the author(s) is/are.
  2. What is this article about – talk about its context (what is the topic; its purpose, and significance to what/whom)?
  3. What components of a research format are included in this article?
  4. How does its format contribute to the purpose of the writing; that is, Research?
  5. Do the author(s) use this format in a way that furthers research – what other component(s), if any, might be helpful to this purpose?

      Discuss – general guidelines for research writing (not necessarily in this order):

  • What makes research writing different than ordinary information/observation writing?
  • Identify and explain major components of a research paper format
  • Why use peer-reviewed journals in research?
  • Why are keywords used in the Abstract and during the Literature Review process?
  • Why use/apply APA basic citation style in these writing assignments?
  • Why is academic integrity important (see syllabus)?

Use at least five different quality resources in this assignment.   Note: Wikipedia, Blogs, Info articles, and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources for research writing. Include a cover page containing: the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference pages do not count toward the page count. Review the Helpful Information provided related to critical thinking and also follow the hand-outs provided in this week’s folder.

The Emergency room

Matthew is an 80 year old white male who was brought to the emergency room by his neighbor, after finding him after he had fallen in his yard. He was unable to get up on his own and the neighbor thought he should be examined at the ER. Matthew’s x-rays all came back fine.

It was discovered that his blood sugar was low, which caused his dizziness, resulting in him falling. He was also a bit dehydrated. After examining him, the nurse heard his story. She thought the social worker may be able to help him in some way, so she called him/her in to meet with Matthew.

Matthew just lost his wife of 40 years. He states he is just lost without her. He has two children. One lives locally and the other lives in California. He has been active in church with his wife until recent health problems have prevented him from attending. He gets by on his Social Security, but worries it may not be enough since his wife’s income is no longer present.

He states he is lonely and feels sad. He isn’t sleeping well and barely has an appetite. He knows it is important to eat a healthy diet, because he has diabetes and must keep on a schedule. His wife did the cooking and cleaning while she could. He also worries about keeping his yard clean and mowed. You are the medical social worker.

 

After selecting your case study, answer the following questions:

1. Meeting One: Introduce yourself to your client, including the agency in which you work. Be sure to explain the purpose of your agency and what services you can provide for your client.

2. After creating your client, identify his/her strengths and weaknesses. These will help you decide on interventions in the future.

3. Describes which interventions could be used. Label each as micro, mezzo, or macro. This helps you begin your role-play project.

Annotated bibliographies and literature reviews

 

Comparing the Annotated Bibliography to the Literature Review. Annotated bibliographies and literature reviews are both comprehensive collections of relevant sources, but that is where the similarity ends. Their purposes, structures, and components are very different.

Annotated Bibliography Literature Review

Purpose

Provides the reader with an ordered list of sources for additional reading. Usually also provides brief explanations of why each source is credible and relevant to the topic.

Provides an overview of a particular topic or problem by summarizing and explaining the most significant sources in the field.

Structure

Sources are separated from each other and are arranged alphabetically, so they will be easy to locate.

Sources are integrated into paragraphs based on the progression of the topical overview, and they may be mentioned more than once.

Components

 

d

Each item in the list uses the formal citation style (usually APA, MLA, or Chicago) to cite a single source and includes a short paragraph with a summary explaining its credibility an relevancy.

 

Uses an introduction to explain the topic, synthesizes sources progressively as the topic is explained through the body, and then concludes by summarizing the overall background presented.

Additional differences:

• In the case of an annotated bibliography, there is a separate paragraph for each source cited. In a literature review, each body paragraph should include several sources, and sources may be repeated as necessary.

• An annotated bibliography examines each source based on its relationship to the topic; a literature review draws together multiple sources to examine where they agree or disagree.

• An annotated bibliography must organize sources alphabetically, but a literature review is likely to use problem/solution, cause/effect, comparison/contrast, classification/division, or process to organize sources.

• An annotated bibliography allows the reader to choose whether to explore the available sources or not on their own while a literature review directs the reader to a particular understanding of the available sources;

The following illustration provides an example of the differences in layout between an annotated bibliography and a literature review. The sources that are arranged alphabetically in the annotated bibliography are integrated throughout the paragraphs of the literature review. The order of sources shown in the literature review is just an example; any appropriate sources can be used wherever they fit.

Cayla Buttram, David MacMillan III, & Dr. R.T. Koch, Jr. Updated November 2012 UNA Center for Writing Excellence

 

 

 

 

Cayla Buttram, David MacMillan III, & Dr. R.T. Koch, Jr. Updated November 2012 UNA Center for Writing Excellence

 

  • Comparing the Annotated Bibliography to the Literature Review

 

Application of Theory to Organizational Mission

Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldviews. This project is about highlighting the stigma experienced by the mental health parents in the healthcare organization.

The paper explains the Christian worldview of the healthcare problem, the LOWA EBP model and nursing theory (Peplau’s Interpersonal relations). More discussion in the paper will be about how Peplau’s Interpersonal relations theory and the LOWA model relate to the mission and vision statement of the healthcare organization.

Finally, there is a discussion about integrating the highlighted aspects and the influence it has on reducing stigma in mental health. Next is the purpose of the project in detail.

Purpose of the Project

Stigma is a risk factor for patients seeking mental health treatment from healthcare organizations. The healthcare providers likely to showcase stigma toward the mental health patients affects the patient satisfaction in accessing care and also reduces the number of patients, especially the adolescents that seek psychiatric care from the primary setting in Arizona.

This quantitative quasi-experimental project aimed to determine if or to what degree the implementation of reducing mental health stigma would impact patient outcomes compared to current practice among health professionals in a primary care unit in Arizona over four weeks.

Christian Worldviews

The nine doctrines and synthesizing them result in the broad concepts of unity and equality. The sense of equal treatment is a Christian view on the aspect of unity among Christians through the spirit and the equality that we are all made in the image of God. 2 Corinthians 8:13-14 states,

“For I do not mean that others should be eased, and you burdened; but by an equality, that now at this time your plenty may supply their lack, that their enough also may supply your lack that there may be equality.”

The bible verse pushes for equality in the community and, in this case, healthcare, where all patients are treated with dignity and respect to achieve comprehensive care as stated in the healthcare organization’s mission and vision statement. (See Appendix A).

Organization’s Mission and Vision to Theory and Model

Organizations in the modern world are facing tremendous changes due to globalization and technological innovation.

In order to match client expectations, various industries, including the health care sector, must be aware of market variations. These changes are a part of a company’s overall transformation: structural, operational, strategic, and technological. Stakeholders’ requests must be met while the organization’s management maintains constant change, enhancing profitability and customer satisfaction (Trinity Integrated Medicine, 2022).

The changes and transformation in the healthcare organization have to be indicated in the mission and vision statement of the firm for the patients to understand how the healthcare organization handles patient treatment and care. A mission statement is a statement of purpose that emphasizes the immediate future. It focuses on the organization’s current capabilities. While a mission statement focuses on the present, a vision statement focuses on the future.

Even though you haven’t yet achieved the ambitious ambitions that inspired your vision, you have a long-term goal in mind. Under the philosophical ideas of your values statement, you will find the core of your statement. “Compassion,” “cultural awareness,” and “innovation” are common descriptors to include in this section. The project identifies the mission, vision, and values of the healthcare organization in Phoenix, Arizona (Trinity Integrated Medicine) and their connection to the nursing theory and evidence-based change model (Trinity Integrated Medicine, 2022).

Mission and Vision

The mission statement for Trinity Integrated medicine is “to deliver comprehensive outpatient medical services along with psychiatric care to patients in Phoenix, Arizona and surrounding areas.”

The following is the vision statement of Trinity Integrated medicine. We believe in a comprehensive approach to health care. At Trinity Integrated Medicine, we do this by delivering high quality, effective medical and psychiatric care from a single, convenient location” (Trinity Integrated Medicine, 2022). (See Appendix B and C for screenshots)

Connection of Mission and Vision to Nursing Theory.

The organization’s values and beliefs led to the acceptance of Trinity Integrated Medicine’s mission and vision statement in Phoenix, Arizona. When it comes to our staff, we believe that a holistic approach to health care is the only way to ensure that our patients’ physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is maintained.

For the best patient outcomes, each treatment regimen is individually created for each patient based on their specific illness, resources, and cultural background. The mission and vision statement of Trinity Integrated Medicine has a strong connection with Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. After the publication of Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations in 1952, interpersonal strategies dominated mental healthcare in 1968. Some components act as the theory’s foundation, including environment, person, health, and nursing actions.

A person is working to develop an organism that aims to minimize anxiety created by needs; the external forces of the environment, which are viewed as cultural contexts; health, that is a phrase signified which presumes forward motion forward into efficient and innovative human processes toward individual and societal living.

The components of the Peplau’s theory of Interpersonal relations include nursing, which can be described as a therapeutic interaction between a patient who is experiencing health issues and requires help and a health care provider who has appropriate knowledge and access to resources that can help the patient in achieving this objective (Morrow, 2017).

Trinity Integrated Medicine’s mission is to offer comprehensive care that ensures that the patients receive quality care by adhering to their physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

The mission statement is well incorporated into the theory through the nursing component, where the nurses are considered the important service providers who communicate with the patients and offer them the best patient-centered care. A nurse is expected to communicate effectively to the patient and make sure that they understand the cultural and religious background that would facilitate considering their demands regarding caring services.

In the specific case of mental health, nurses are expected to showcase the best interpersonal communication skills that show compassion and respect for the patient’s dignity. The successful connection between the interpersonal theory of nursing and the mission of offering comprehensive care helps significantly eliminate the issues of stigma by the providers toward mental health patients.

The patients are likely to seek the care services they need from the healthcare facility in Phoenix, knowing that the nurses and doctors value their dignity and respect their culture and religion in delivering quality services (Morrow, 2017). Health care is on an equal footing with other social processes; as such, nursing must take these factors into account to improve patient outcomes

There is also a strong connection between the nursing component of the interpersonal theory and the vision of the Trinity Integrated Medicine, and this is evident in the fact that the facility is looking forward to offering effective, quality, and customized care to patients expecting a better outcome (Cullen et al., 2017).

Investment of technology in nursing in the facility in attending to mental health patients improves the quality of service, and the training of nurses about the best interpersonal treatment results in an improvement in the future concerning the mental health patients that seeks care from the facility.

Persons are another component of the interpersonal theory. Presumably, Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations is based on the interaction between a nurse and a patient (Morrow, 2017). An effective must have a specific set of skills and abilities, such as recognizing patients’ health issues, applying the appropriate knowledge and techniques to address them, and demonstrating that you have the interpersonal skills necessary to build a trusting relationship with your patients.

Nursing values and devotion must also be aligned with a patient’s well-being. Anyone who requires medical attention and is entitled to basic human rights such as privacy, confidentiality, and respect is considered a patient. Based on Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations, health is another component that illustrates moving towards the best state of being productive and quality of life (Cullen et al., 2017).

The mission and vision consider the spiritual, physical, and emotional well-being of the mental health patients in the Trinity Integrated Medicine, and the intervention assures the patient better health after receiving the treatment. Recover in healthcare is attributed to how nurses communicate and relate with the patients, their cultural understanding and adherence to care, and the opportunity to practice spirituality through prayer before receiving any treatment or medication.

Finally, we have the environment component that expresses the therapeutic environment and a well-ventilated environment that improves the quality of health of the mental health patient that feels that they are cared for, and there is limited stigmatization. The healthcare facility looks forward to ensuring comprehensive care that encourages family support in treatment.

Connection of Mission and Vision to Evidence-based Change Model.

To protect patient safety and promote high-quality care healthcare organizations like the Trinity Integrated Medicine in Phoenix, Arizona, have to form evidence-based practice (EBP) committees that play an important role in ensuring quality care is offered to patients (Cullen et al., 2017).

Committees tasked with putting EBP into action need strong leadership and clear lines of communication. The Iowa Model of EBP provides a framework for healthcare organizations and allows nurses to expand their EBP practice, especially in mental health care, by minimizing stigmatization and focusing on quality care (Gray & Grove, 2020). In its mission and vision statements, the Trinity Integrated Medicine showcase the firm’s direction toward offering quality patient care.

In addition, the mission and vision statement talks about comprehensive care that incorporates the spiritual, physical, and emotional intervention in accessing mental health to the patients.

Furthermore, the mission and vision statement of the Trinity Integrated Medicine is implemented after applying the values of empathy, integrity, compassion, and sense of humanity in attending to mental health patients without stigmatizing them instead of improving their quality of care.

The healthcare organization is looking forward to offering quality and effective, comprehensive care to the patients, and this is only achievable when evidence-based practice is adopted for success (Cullen et al., 2017). There is the consideration of offering customized care where the unique conditions of the patient’s case, resources, and culture lead to the best intervention. The success of a comprehensive and customized intervention to patient care in the healthcare organization connects with the EBP under the LOWA model, where evidence has to be collected to determine the unique intervention to be offered (Doody & Doody, 2011).

There are specific mental health conditions that different patients experience as they are visiting the healthcare organization, which connects the vision and mission statement to the EBP model. The Trinity Integrated Medicine values research, which is why the facility is considering the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of treatment and recovery under the vision and mission that research proves to be improving the rate of recovery and quality of life.

Applying Trinity Integrated Medicine Nursing’s evidence-based practice approach is the best option for addressing the challenge of stigmatization but instead handling mental health as other diseases through research and understanding better. A detailed understanding of mental health diseases through adopting the EBP is achievable as directed by the mission and vision where the healthcare organization looks forward to successful comprehensive care.

Trinity Integrated Medicine is an organization that represents a shared vision, mission, and sincere partnership that links nursing services with education activities. The connection with education activities prepares the nurses and the other healthcare providers to get a deeper understanding of the mental illnesses where they start appreciating that mental health is just a condition like any other and should not try stigmatizing the patients but instead offer a quality, comprehensive intervention.

Trinity Integrated Medicine targets partnering with other institutions, including nursing schools and other institutions, to raise awareness concerning the mental health stigma developed against patients who find it difficult to open up for therapy sessions.

Advocating for patient-quality mental health intervention and stopping the stigma against mental health patients is best for the Trinity Integrative Medicine organization by changing the organization’s culture to fit the needs and emotional well-being of the patient through evidence-based intervention. Implementing interventions is essential to being an effective nurse in the field. To help improve an intervention, a nurse might provide feedback on how it is doing.

Being a part of a governing body that works together is essential. Our patients’ outcomes can be improved by changing their treatment plans through the LOWA model (Doody & Doody, 2011). Greater levels of empowerment, which are frequently translated into shared governance, are connected to direct care nurses addressing pertinent clinical and operational issues and adopting systematic ways. Nurses’ experiences could act as a roadblock to better practice implementation. Inexperienced nurses may find that their suggestions are not considered.

Nurses have a difficult time persuading doctors to pay attention to their advice. There is a need to introduce the LOWA model and connect it with the vision and mission of Trinity Integrated Medicine to offer comprehensive care.

Pulling it Together

This quantitative quasi-experimental project aimed to determine if or to what degree the implementation of reducing mental health stigma would impact patient outcomes compared to current practice among health professionals in a primary care unit in Arizona over four weeks. The purpose of the project is to connect with the Christian worldview so that stigmatization should be avoided by the nurses, healthcare providers and the community and treat patients equally with other patients with different illnesses apart from mental health.

Furthermore, the Christian worldview on equality also connects well with Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory, which expresses the importance of nurse and patient relationship and communication that becomes successful only when they feel equal. The alignment example is that nurses have their religion and preference on their culture, and they should apply it also on the mental health patients to build a good relationships and best care.

Moreover, the evidence-based care where the LOWA model is discussed brings about looking for evidence to support intervention, and this is related to the Christian worldview concerning equity in offering care to mental health patients where research is applied for diseases like cancer and to ensure that healthcare providers understand it better to minimize stigma (Gray & Grove, 2020).

An example is the healthcare organization allocating limited resources to the psychiatric department and investing more in oncology, showing that mental health patients will suffer because of a lack of equality in treatment access. I have learned about GCU’s CWV’s application DPI project, especially in driving the attributes of unity, equality and dignity that are present and the love of God in protecting the patients.

I am aligned with the Christian worldview, especially in understanding that we are all equal before God and that mental health patients need well treatment with the integrity and dignity they deserve. An example is a nurse failing to follow the privacy and confidentiality of patient information during therapy. Another example is healthcare management’s stigma towards the psychiatric department, where it is allocated limited funding and less human resource.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion

The purpose of the research is to reduce the mental health stigma in the healthcare organization by adhering to the organization’s stated vision and mission statements. Application of the interpersonal relations theory that ensures that nurses are in a good relationship and communicate effectively with the patients helps reduce stigma in the healthcare organization.

Trinity Integrated Medicine’s adoption of the LOWA EBP model is an important initiative that considers research in mental health important in educating and raising awareness about mental health care (Gray & Grove, 2020).

The Christianity worldview is relevant in the model and theory in promoting unity and equality in offering the intervention to patient care to avoid putting minimal effort into mental health intervention.

The connection of the concepts makes it possible to eliminate the stigma that mental health patients experience from their providers and more resources directed to the healthcare sector.

 

 

References

Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., Farrington, M., DeBerg, J., Tucker, S., & Klieber, C. (2017). Evidence-based practice in action (1st ed.). Sigma Theta Tau International.

Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., Farrington, M., DeBerg, J., Tucker, S., & Kleiber, C. (2017). Evidence-based practice in action: Comprehensive strategies, tools, and tips from the University of Iowa hospitals and clinics. Sigma Theta Tau International.

Doody, C. M., & Doody, O. (2011). Introducing evidence into nursing practice: Using the IOWA model. British Journal of Nursing, 20(11), 661-664.  https://doi.org/ 10.12968/bjon.2011.20.11.661

Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and grove’s the practice of nursing research – E-book: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. Elsevier.

Morrow, M. R. (2017). A book review of nursing theories and nursing practice (4th ed.), by Marlaine C. smith and Marilyn E. parker (2015). Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis. SAGE Publications.  https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0894318417693311

Snowden, A., Donnell, A. & Duffy, T. (2014). Pioneering theories in nursing.

Trinity Integrated Medicine. (2022). Primary Care Doctor | Trinity Integrated Medicine | Phoenix, AZ. Trinity Integrated Medicine. Retrieved 26 June 2022, from https://www.trinitymedicine.com/services/primary-care/.

 

 

I, Marian Alli, verify that I have completed and logged 5 clock hours in association with the goals and objectives for this assignment. I also have tracked said practice immersion hours in the Lopes Activity Tracker for verification purposes and will be sure that all approvals are in place from my faculty and practice immersion preceptor/mentor before the end of the course.

 

Appendix A

Title

We believe in the bible in the old and new Testament (which contains the true and authoritative word of God)God’s biblical teachings are for all Christians.
Believe that there is one God.Expresses unity under a common Supreme Being.
God suffered by shedding blood for us to be savedEqual love of God to mankind
We are created in the Image of GodEquality
The salvation of the lost people back to ChristianityGod of second chances, loving and caring (compassion)
Spiritual unityUnity

 

 

 

Appendix B

Mission Statement

 

 

 

 

Appendix C

Vision Statement

The Definition of happiness

Base on the definition of happiness and its measurement score presented in the video provided below, explain what your happiness score is and how you calculated it. Then, come up with concrete actions you could take to improve your happiness score. Develop your ideas by writing at least two well-developed paragraphs.

Two paragraph needs to have at least five (5) well-developed sentences.

Note 2: MRU strictly enforces academic integrity and has zero tolerance for plagiarism. Students who plagiarize will receive an automatic zero grade and be referred to the Integrity Committee for disciplinary actions.

Quality improvement (QI) initiative

Each quality improvement (QI) initiative is composed of systematic inputs, processes, and activities. Additionally, the QI initiative is a team process involving various stakeholders. Whether the initiative is seeking to improve wait time, diabetes care, or other important goals, a team effort can help achieve significant and lasting improvements. Without proper resources as inputs, the QI activities might not reach their optimal outcomes.

Read the following attachments:

Practical Aspects of the Use of Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Tool in the Risk Management of Pediatric Emergency Department: The Scrutiny in Iran

Risk Analysis in Healthcare Organizations: Methodological Framework and Critical Variables

In three to five pages address the following:

  • Identify at least three quality improvement or risk management tools or methodologies (e.g. flowchart, 6-Sigma, etc.) needed for The Quality Improvement Measure, “Patients who ‘Strongly Agree’ they understood their care when they left the hospital” under the “Survey of Patients’ Experiences” category.
    • Be sure to provide the rationales for your selected tools or methodologies.
  • Determine the stakeholders involved to accomplish your QI initiative.
    • Be sure to provide the rationales.
  • Examine other resources (e.g., time, financial, materials, etc.) required for your QI initiative.
    • Be sure to provide the rationales.

Must use at least three scholarly or peer-reviewed sources published in the past 5 years in APA Style.

Risk Management in Executive Levels of Healthcare Organizations

Read the following: Risk Management in Executive Levels of Healthcare Organizations: Insights from a Scoping Review (2018). Should a Good Risk Manager Worry About Cost and Price Transparency in Health Care? (https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/should-good-risk-manager-worry-about-cost-and-price-transparency-health-care/2020-11)

Watch the following video:

Security 101: Security Risk Analysis (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNUBMLVr9z4)

In response to the health care reform, healthcare organizations need to engage in quality improvement, maintain patient safety, and protect the organization’s assets, as well as maintain community standing proactively and methodically. It will require processes and systems, leadership commitment, and health care professionals’ involvement.

In 300 to 400 words address the following:

-Define the relationship between risk management, quality improvement, and patient safety.

-Describe the components of a risk management program and how the risk management process can reduce organizational risks.

-Examine the roles and responsibilities of a risk manager as well as those of the clinical delivery team, including physicians.

-Examine one risk management methodology, strategy, or tool. Be sure to describe your selection and its applications.

Having a hard time Doing research

Many students report that they having a hard time doing research or following the news because they don’t know where to start, they don’t understand the context, and they have a hard time with the vocabulary.

The truth is that even experienced writers and researchers feel the same way about a lot of the reading they are doing, too. The key is to dive in, take notes, generate new questions, and look up stuff that you don’t understand. Once you start to figure things out, it gets easier and easier.

In this unit, you will be asked apply the concepts you learned in Unit 1. In Unit 1, you learned about rhetorical research and information literacy. In the final module (Unit 3) you will be creating your own source to join that conversation.

However, before you will be able to do that effectively, you need to gain as much knowledge as possible about the issue and the conversation that you will be joining.  Therefore, in this module, you will narrow your topic to a specific research question, conduct effective targeted research, ask good questions, and choose those sources that have the biggest impact on your understanding of the issue and/or best enhance your understanding of the various perspectives about it.

In Unit 2, you will focus on these aspects of information literacy:

· Research as inquiry: effective researchers use questions to drive their research

· Research as strategic exploration: effective researchers use a variety of methods to gather accurate information efficiently.

· Information creation as a process: effective researchers recognize that information is packaged and choose sources that best suit their own purposes.

· Scholarship as conversation: effective researchers try to understand the conversation on a topic before contributing to that conversation

· Information has value: we have ethical and legal obligations to find accurate information and credit our sources.

In order to help you narrow the topic you explored in Unit 1 to a research question in Unit 2, we will complete an assignment called “Writing Your Research Question.”

Task:

For your Unit 2 project, you will submit a series of 3 blog posts and a reflection. In preparation for each post, you will conduct research on your specific research question. After you have chosen the best sources on that topic (given all that you’ve learned about researching rhetorically and information literacy), you will then summarize the sources you’ve chosen to share, discuss why they are useful (how they help you understand the potential answers to your research question), and you will keep track of new questions you have about the topic to help you with the next post.

Importantly, for information to be useful, it has to be information that you didn’t already know and it has to be written in a way that you can understand.

Keep in mind that the most effective researchers don’t settle on the very first sources we find in Google. Instead, we look at a few different sources/links and then decide which ones are best. For example, if I were trying to find out if a movie was a good movie, I might read 2-3 different reviews and then decide that one of those reviews was significantly better than the others–it’s the one that had the most information, or the one that most influenced my decision to see (or not see) the movie.

If I was explaining to a friend why I chose not to see the movie, I might paraphrase that review. Similarly, for each blog post, you may need to read over three or four articles/sources on a topic before you find one that is reliable and does the best job of answering the question you set out to answer for that particular blog. Then, you will focus on that particular source (or sources) for your blog post. Choosing a good source will be a part of your grade.

Writing Purpose: While the goal of the project is for you to learn something, you might see your blog posts as polished written texts with your instructor as the audience.You want to persuade your instructor that you are exploring effectively by demonstrating intellectual curiosity, rhetorical reading and an open mind.

You will want to show that you are learning something new about your topic with each new blog post, and will ultimately want to show how the process has impacted your understanding of the issue and the focus of your research project. You’ll also want to revise your post so that it is well written and easy to follow.

Note: Keep in mind that while each blog might seem like a small task, these blogs together make up a paper/project grade and have a significant impact on your final grade in this course.

Therefore, please make sure that you are answering all the questions in the blogs, revising your answers so that they are well-written, and posting reliable sources (not unreliable sources or “fake news”).

· I recommend first typing your posts in a Word Doc or Google Doc, and then copying/pasting the finished product on to the discussion board.

Each research blog will be worth 20 points (totaling 60% of the grade for this project).

After the last discussion board,  you will turn in a project reflection, which will be worth 40 points (40%  of your grade for this project). Here is the criteria for that assignment:

· Does the project reflection include a revised statement of research? Does that statement reflect a thorough and thoughtful engagement with the sources you studied? (15%)

· Does the reflection show that you have thought carefully about how the research you’ve done has impacted your research focus and your views on research? (20%)

· Is the writing organized and polished, and does it show evidence of an effective proofreading and editing process? (5%)